Practice strategies positives and negatives, feedback Flashcards
Part and whole practice (task complexity, task organisation)
All motor skills can be broken down into subcomponents. breaking is skill down is very useful for beginners that may become overwhelmed with a complex task.
task complexity
part practice may be appropriate for motor skills that have several segments (eg tennis serve)
task organisation
refers to how dependent each segment is on the previous segment
Amount
changes in performance can show significant gains relative to the amount of practice in early cognitive stages of learning. positive relationship between amount of practice time and improvement TF coaches should maximize practice sessions
parts of distribution
massed practice, distributed practice, practice distribution
practice distribution
refers to the scheduling of weekly practice session and depends on the availability of participants/venue
distributed practice
involves short but frequent training sessions. more time given for rest between tasks. creates a better learning environment. best for cognitive learners as less fatiguing for them
massed practice
involves less frequent training sessions that last for a longer period of time. rest intervals between tasks are reduced compared to distributed practice.
3 advantages of massed practice
- large amounts of rest between trainings so are less tiring,
- optimal for blocked practice
- good for people who are time-poor
3 disadvantages of massed practice
no time for feedback, fatigue, too demanding.
3 advantages of distributed practice
- allows for a higher frequency of training
- more breaks allow for more feedback
- better psychological and physiological recovery b/w efforts
2 disadvantages of distributed practice
time consuming, may have negative transfer between training sessions and games
Practice variability
is it best to practice a skill for a set number of repetions or to mix the skills up
blocked practice, postives and negative
blocked practice is practicing the same skill continuously without changing to a different task. goof for cognitive phase
+ve: skills are learned quickly, very little variability, usually a closed skill, good for learning mechanics
-ve: may not be transferred successfully to a game environment.
random practice, positives and negatives
random practice is the varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session. suitable for associative and autonomous stage.
+ve: tactics and strategies learn faster, greater skill transfer to game
-ve: skill learning slower
intrinsic feedback. positives and negatives
when the performers use their own senses including visual, auditory, proprioception and touch. available to performers when they understand the goal of the skill
+ve: self-detect and correct errors, instant/quickest feedback
-ve: cognitive learners are not able to use intrinsic feedback. may not be accurate
augmented (external) feedback
can greatly enhance a performer’s internal feedback system. (Concurrent feedback, terminal feedback, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance)
concurrent feedback
feedback given during the activity
terminal feedback
provided after performance can be further classified as
knowledge of results
specific feedback about the outcome of the task eg got a goal or not. good for cognitive learners
knowledge of performance
feedback concerns the characteristics of performing a task. good for associative and autonomous trainings
prescriptive feedback
recommendations about how to correct the skill. good for cognitive learners
descriptive feedback
detailed account of the process of skill performance
frequency of feedback
- feedback should be provided regularly
- provide more feedback in early stages
-not too much feedback as can lead to information overload
-too much feedback can lead to information overload
-too much feedback in the latter stage of learning can lead to athletes becoming overly dependent on coach to be successful
