fundamental MS, sociocultural factors, stages of learning, types of mvmt

Question 1

stability skills

Answer 1

involves balance and control of the body

Question 2

locomotor skills

Answer 2

enable us to move through space eg walking and running

Question 3

manipulative skills

Answer 3

involve control of an object eg throwing, catching and kicking etc

Question 4

Types of movement precision

Answer 4

gross and fine motor skills

Question 5

gross motor skills

Answer 5

involve recruiting large muscle groups and less emphasis on precision eg running

Question 6

fine motor skills

Answer 6

involve recruiting smaller muscles for precision movements eg finger and hand movements in darts

Question 7

3 stages of learning

Answer 7

cognitive, associative, autonomous

Question 8

Cognitive stage/phase

Answer 8

• big and regular mistakes are made
  -a lot of thinking is required
  -movements will be inconsistent, with stiff and unrelaxed movements
• not yet developed error detection
  -MOST IMPROVEMENT

Question 9

Associative phase/stage

Answer 9

• Less mistakes (frequency and size)
• increased attention to external environment
  -refine technique/movement patterns
• begins to associate the skill with the environment
• more consistent, makes fewer errors and can detect some

Question 10

autonomous phase/stage

Answer 10

-the skill is mostly automatics
-performer can detect and correct errors
-focus on tactics
-work in open environment

Question 11

types of movement

Answer 11

continuous motor skills, serial motor skills, discrete motor skills.

Question 12

continuous motor skills

Answer 12

no definite beginning or ending. repetitive moments eg running

Question 13

serial motor skills

Answer 13

several discrete skills are performed in a sequence eg a gymnastics floor routine

Question 14

discrete motor skills

Answer 14

clear beginning and ending, short duration eg netball pass (MUST BE CLEAR WHEN BEGINNING AND ENDING OF A CERTAIN SKILL IS)

Question 15

fundamental motor skills (motor skills, performance and participation)

Answer 15

students who do not get the opportunity to master fundamental movement skills are less likely to develop the sport specific skills and therefore less likely to be successful in their chosen sport at the later stage, hence are less likely to participate as they have less confidence

Question 16

closed motor skills

Answer 16

are performed in surrounding where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment (best for cognitive learners)
-self paced (performer decides when to start/stop)
-environment is predictable
-limited inter trial variability
eg diving competition

Question 17

open motor skills

Answer 17

are performed in a less predictable environment where conditions are constantly changing, and the performer has limited control over their environment.
- unpredictable environment
-externally paced
-intertrial variability

Question 18

sociocultural factor: FAMILY

Answer 18

ENABLER: can encourage children to participate in particular activities, help teach them skills, drive to activities and pay for them to do it
BARRIER: may not like activities so do not encourage them to participate, may be poor role models.

Question 19

sociocultural factor: GENDER

Answer 19

ENABLER: Boys often have more role models and are influenced by gender stereotypes to play sports like football and cricket
BARRIER: females often have less role models and old gender stereotypes often suggest that girls shouldnt play sport

Question 20

sociocultural factor: CULTURAL BELIEFS/TRADITIONS

Answer 20

ENABLER: Jamaican’s have a tradition and culture of being involved in sprinting
BARRIER: some cultures don’t value physical activity eg the burqa may make it difficult to participate in some sports

Question 21

sociocultural factor: SES

Answer 21

ENABLER: higher SES allows more access to equipment/ facilities/ competitions/ travel etc
BARRIER: may not be able to afford the equipment/ facilities or travel