chronic adaptations Flashcards
cardiovascular adaptations to aerobic training
- ^ size of left ventricle
- ^ stroke volume
- ^ blood volume and ^ haemoglobin
- ^ capillary density
- decreased systolic BP
- ^ a-VO2 diff
- decreased resting and sub max HR and improved HR recovery rates
increased size of left ventricle results in ^ SV and Q
cardiovascular adaptations
Q=SVxHR; more o2 blood can be pumped out of the heart and delivered to the working muscles due to ^ SV. Enables more O2 to be delivered to the muscles so the athlete can work at higher sub max intensities.
increased capillary density
cardiovascular adaptations
aerobic training ^ # of capillaries surrounding the muscles (^ opportunities for gas exchange @ muslce) allowing greater amounts of o2 to e delivered to the working muscles anabling the athlete to work at higher intensities.
^ aerobic pwr, LIP occurs @ higher % of HRM
increased blood volume + haemoglobin
cardiovascular adaptations
^ blood volume = ^ RBC and haemoglobin, ^ o2 delivery to the working muscles. icreased blood means increased haemoglin.^ o2 carrying capacity in the blood so more o2 can be delivered + diffused into the muscles. higher sub max intensities and LIP occurs @ ^ % HRM.
what does haemoglobin do
haemoglobin found in RBC helps transport o2 from the lungs to the working muscles
Muscular adaptations to aerobic training
- ^ oxidative enzymes
- ^ myoglobin
- ^ mitachondria density
- ^ capillary density
- ^ glycogen storage
- ^ triglyceride storage + fat metabolizing enzyme.
greater A-VO2 difference
muscular adaptation
^ A-VO2 diff mean o2 can be extracted from the arteries + used by the working muscles to resynthesize ATP aerobically. more o2 coonsumed by the muscles enable the athlete to work at higher sub max intensities.
what does myoglobin do
assists in delivering 02 across the cell membrane to the mitachondria
increased myoglobin
muscular adaptation
^ myoglobin enables greater amounts of ATP to be resynthesized aerobically allowing the athlete to work @ ^ sub max intensity
mitachondria
sites of ATP in the muscles + where glycogen and triglycerides are stored and oxidized to produce energy aerobically
increased mitachondria density
muscular adaptation
after aerobic training, mitachondria ^ in size and number, ^ sites of ATP production, ^ atheletes aerobic pwr and can work at higher sub max intensities.
increased oxidative enzymes
muscular adaptation
^ the rate at which ATP is resynthesized aerobically by speeding up the rate in which fuels are broken down in the muscle. Faster oxidation, faster ATP is resynthesized aerobically > greater aerobic pwr and can work at high intensities
increased oxidation of glycogen and triglycerides
muscular adaptation
^ oxidation of fats as a fuel due to more storages of triglycerides + oxidative enzyme means at any intensity an athlete has to rely less on glycogen ‘sparring’ the bodies preferred fuel
increased triglyceride storage + fat metabolism
muscular adaptation
Delays fatigue caused by the depletion of glycogen, as the athlete can use the preferred fuel of glycogen for longer. Enables athlete to maintain higher intensities for longer
Respiratory adaptations to aerobic training
- larger lung volme and & pulmonary diffusion
- increased tidal volume
- decreased ventilation at rest + sub max intensities
- increased V and RR @ sub max intensities