Practice section 8/10/12 Flashcards
Loss of the knee jerk reflex would indicate damage to the _______ nerve.
femoral
Inability to plantar flex the foot results from damage to the _______ nerve.
tibial
What nerve provides the majority of motor and sensory input to the pelvic floor?
pudendal n.
A pt is treated for diabetic ketoacidosis w/ insulin and normal saline. What would be the effect on serum osmolality?
decrease
A pt is txed for DKA w/ insulin and saline, what would be the effect on serum K+?
decrease (insulin puts K+ into the cells)
A pt is txed for DKA w/ insulin and saline. What would be the effect on serum Na+?
increase
A pt is txed for DKA w/ insulin and saline. What would be the effect on serum bicarbonate?
increase (We’re fighting metabolic alkalosis after all.)
Exertional dyspnea and pneumonia + abdominal pain + bone pain in a child =
Sickle Cell Anemia
Cough + high fever + headache/confusion + diarrhea + bradycardia. Crackles in lower lobe w/o wheeze. Lobar consolidation on CXR.
Legionella
What is the classic laboratory finding in the blood of a pt w/ Legionella pneumonia?
hyponatremia
How would you classify Legionella as a bacteria?
facultative intracellular, aerobic Gram (-) rod
What would be seen on a sputum Gram stain of a pt. w/ Legionella pneumonia?
NΦ infiltrate w/ few or no bacteria (Gram - rods)
What kind of pneumonia is positive for cold agglutinins?
Mycoplasma
What medications may be used to treat Borrelia burgorferi infection?
doxycycline or penicillin-type Abx (e.g. ceftriaxone)
You would test the levels of what enzyme in order to differentiate between liver and bone causes of increased alkaline phosphatase? Does that enzyme indicate the functionality or structural integrity of the liver/biliary tract?
γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; structural integrity
pleomorphic Gram (-) rods that grow on a hematin-containing medium
Haemophilus influenzae
What is the major virulence factor of pathogenic strains of H. influenzae?
capsule
What actually are the X and V factors required by Hamophilus?
hematin and NAD+
Which 3 bacteria produce hyaluronidase to digest ground substance?
GAS, Staphylococci, and C. difficile
What 3 pathogenic bacteria use pili?
both Neisseria and E. coli
What are the 2 components of MHC II molecules?
α and β polypeptide chains
Propionic acidemia results from a defect in the metabolism of what substances?
VOMIT Val Odd-chain FAs Met Ile Thr
Which of the 2 parts of meiosis is the reductional division (making the cells haploid)?
Meiosis I
