NBME 6 Flashcards
How would hypocalcemia due to estrogen deficiency manifest clinically?
decreased bone density, stress fracture
How would hypocalcemia manifest in hypoparathyroidism?
tetany, carpopedal spasm, Chvostek’s sign
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Tap on masseter muscle and ipsilateral facial muscles contract. Sign of hypocalcemia.
What is Trousseau’s sign of latent tetany?
aka carpopedal spasm: occlude brachial a. w/ BP cuff. Hand spasms - wrist flexed, MP flexed, PIP & DIP extended
What is Trousseau’s sign of malignancy?
migratory thrombophlebitis - superficial veins will swell - due to neoplasms that cause a hypercoagulable state, e.g. pancreatic and lung cancers
What is thought to be the function of Merkel cells?
discriminatory touch
What layer of the epithelium are Merkel cells found in?
stratum basale
Old people are prone to what kind of intracranial hematoma?
subdural
Rupture of the middle meningeal artery would cause a _______ hematoma.
epidural
What is the shape of an epidural hematoma?
biconvex
What is the shape of a subdural hematoma?
crescent
A conductive aphasia results from damage to what neural structure?
arcuate fasciculus (dominant hemisphere)
How would a conduction aphasia manifest?
Reading aloud, repitition, and naming of objects is impaired. Comprehension and fluency of speech is intact.
Name the hernia: medial to inf. epigastric vessels, superior to the inguinal ligament.
DIRECT inguinal hernia
Name the hernia: lateral to the inf. epigastric vessels, superior to ingiunal ligament.
INDIRECT inguinal hernia
Describe the location of a femoral hernia.
in femoral canal: inf to inguinal ligament, medial to femoral vessels; lateral to pubic tubercle
What is the etiology of “Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura”?
Ab’s against GpIIb/IIIa lead to platelet destruction.
What is the etiology of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?
deficiancy of ADAMTS 13, a vWF metalloproteinase, leads to platelet aggregation and thrombosis
Which causes anemia, ITP or TTP?
TTP only!
What is the treatment for Hereditary Spherocytosis? How does it change the course of the disease?
splenectomy; stops anemia and hyperbilirubinemia
What would the Hb A1C in an person w/ untreated hereditary spherocytosis be?
low
What is the etiology of hereditary spherocytosis?
defect in RBC membrane or cytoskeleton - e.g. ankyrin, band 3, protein 4.2, or spectrin
What infection is most likely to cause an Aplastic Crisis in a pt w/ sickle cell anemia or hereditary spherocytosis?
Parvovirus B19
