1 Flashcards
Pt has prostate cancer. Hi serum ALP levels. you suspect mets. What marker would indicate liver metastasis rather than bone?
gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
hemineglect is most commonly associated with damage to this lobe
right parietal
Personality disorder characterized by voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, and contentment in isolation (vs. avoidant).
Schizoid (think of an android)
Personality disroder characterized by eccentric appearance, odd beliefs and magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness.
Schizotypal
Briefly describe the pathophysiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? What type of a hypersensitivity reaction is it?
Type III hypersensitivity reaction: IgG-actinomyces Ag complexes deposit in alveoli and bronchioles.
What is the role of the Fas-FasL interaction?
FasL, expressed by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induces apoptosis in cells expressing foreign Ag or autoreactive T-cells.
What is the defective molecule in Marfan’s syndrome?
fibrillin, a component of the microfibril sheath that surrounds elastin fibers
Where (at which particular body parts) is fibrillin expressed?
Zonular fibers (lens)
periosteum
aortic media
What do Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis have in common with regard to their toxins?
Each has atoxin that is an adenylate cyclase that works by increasing intracellular cAMP and causing fluid buildup.
Tx for acute arsenic poisoning?
chelation w/ Dimercaprol
Side effects of dimercaprol?
nephrotoxicity and htn
Most common source of arsenic poisoning?
arsenic-containing insecticides
What is CaNa2EDTA used for?
Chelating agent for mercury and lead poisoning. It forms complexes w/ di- and tri-valent ions.
What is the Tx for cyanide poisoning? how does it work?
Amyl nitrite. Forms Methemoglobin, which binds CN to form cyanomethemoglobin, which is non-toxic.
Chelating agent for pts. receiving multiple blood transfusions.
Deferoxamine
Tx for methemoglobinemia
methylene blue - reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+
Nitroblue tetrazolium testing is for…
Chronic granulomatous disease (NAPDH deficiency)
What is the deficiency in X-linked SCID?
IL-2 receptor defect
What is the 2nd most common etiology of SCID?
adenosine deaminase deficiency
What is the 3rd most common etiology of SCID?
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome - failure to synthesize MHC II.
What cofactor is necessary for formation of δ-ALA (heme synthesis p-way)?
pyridoxal phosphate (B6)
What drug inhibits δ-ALA synthase?
isoniazid -> sideroblastic anemia
Causes of acute pancreatitis (GET SMASHED).
Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune disease Scorpion sting! Hypercalcemia/Hypertriglyceridemia ERCP Drugs (e.g. sulfa)
Pt. w/ acute epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back, anorexia, and nausea.
Acute pancreatitis
