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Quiz 2 > Practice questions > Flashcards

Practice questions Flashcards

0
Q

What should you do before placing an instrument in a glutaraldehyde solution?

A

mechanically clean the instrument of organic material

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1
Q

What is used for surgical hand scrubs?

A

Chlorhexidine

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2
Q

a viral envelope is acquired during which step?

A

release

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3
Q

which virus can sometimes cause cancer?

A

HIV, Pappillomavirus, EBV

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4
Q

which is drinking glass an example of?

A

fomite- an inanimate object or substance that is capable of transmitting infectious organisms

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5
Q

What would AZT be used to treat?

A

HIV

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6
Q

Viruses that have envelopes surrounding the nucleocapsid are….

A

more sensitive to disinfectants than naked viruses

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7
Q

what is the order in the process of phagocytosis?

A

attachment, engulfment, lysosomal fusion, digestion, exocytosis

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8
Q

does pasteurization destroy all bacteria in dairy products?

A

no

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9
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can sometimes grow in quaternary ammonium compounds used for disinfection.

A

true

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10
Q

specialized for killing parasites

A

eosinophils

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11
Q

non-specific killers of tumour cells

A

NK cells

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12
Q

antibody production factories

A

plasma cells

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13
Q

specific killers of virus infected cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

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14
Q

first phagocytic cell at site of infection

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

mature monocytes

A

macrophages

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16
Q

which cells only recognize antigen when it is presented on MHC?

A

T cells

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17
Q

how do antibodies function as opsonins?

A

attach to antigen with Fab and the phagocyte with the Fc portion

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18
Q

neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to…

A

produce toxic oxygen products

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19
Q

neutrophils are important mediators of tissue damage in which type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type iii

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20
Q

function of Antigen presenting Cells (APC)

A

display a microbial antigen on the cell surface for T-helper cells

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21
Q

this is a complex group of proteins found in the blood plasma that aids in the inactivation and destruction of bacteria and other microorganisms

A

complement

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22
Q

what cells commonly express the MHC-II molecule on their surfaces?

A

macrophages and B Cells

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23
Q

epitope

A

the specific region of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody

24
Q

which isotype is the first to be produced in the primary response to an antigen?

A

IgM

25
Q

major function of dendritic cell

A

display a microbial antigen on its surface for transfer to lymph nodes where recognition by helper T cells will occur

26
Q

lysozyme helps to protect against pathogens by

A

breaking down peptidoglycan in bacteria cell walls

27
Q

which cell type is essentially the defining cell of the acute inflammatory infiltrate?

A

neutrophils

28
Q

an allergic reaction to a bee sting is an example of delayed hypersensitivity, true or false?

A

false

29
Q

a granuloma is a localized collection of

A

mononuclear phagocytes

30
Q

MHC I presents…

A

endogenous antigens

31
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes are the same as…

A

macrophages

32
Q

Penicillin

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor

33
Q

Quinolone

A

DNA synthesis inhibitor

34
Q

Tetracycline

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

35
Q

Sulfa

A

essential metabolite inhibitor

36
Q

Macrolide

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

37
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Ergosterol synthesis inhibitor

38
Q

different between latent and chronic infection, give example of each virus

A

latent is when virus is present in cells, but not replicating. Ex: Herpes
Chronic is when virus SLOWLY replicates causing minimal damage to host cells. Ex: Hep.B

39
Q

What is the end result of successful autoclaving called and what test would you use?

A

sterilization, use a spore test. Test spores of a bacillus or bacterium. Vial with spores is autoclaved then incubated in nutrient media. If spore can grow, then autoclave is not functioning properly and nothing can be assumed to be sterile.

40
Q

method for dinner cutlery, surgical gauze, skinned knee, footbath

A

sanitization
sterilization
antisepsis
disinfection

41
Q

identify the mechanism associated with viral delivery of a gene

A

transduction

42
Q

I have no enzymes for metabolism in my capsid

A

virus

43
Q

I can have a plasmid

A

bacteria

44
Q

I am tiny of less than 100nm and must grow intracellularly

A

Virus

45
Q

I can have a cyst form to help me survive

A

parasite

46
Q

Why is it important to know the MIC of an antibiotic for a specific bacteria?

A

prevent toxicity, ensure adequate dosing intervals, attain adequate/effective levels over MIC

47
Q

measles infection

A

naturally ac. active immunity

48
Q

breastfeeding

A

naturally acquired passive immunity

49
Q

tetanus anti-toxin

A

artificially acquired passive immunity

50
Q

What happens in hemolytic disease of newborn?

A

Mother is Rh-, father is Rh+. Fist pregnancy is baby Rh+, then the mom’s immune system develop anti-RH antibodies. Second baby is Rh+, then mom’s antibodies will go to baby and attack the cells.

Complement is involved ( Antigen and antibody) in cell lysis.
Type II hypersensitivity

51
Q

is memory a characteristic of the innate immune system?

A

NO

52
Q

define opsonization and give 2 examples

A

the coating of microorganisms to facilitate phagocytosis. Ex are c3b, antibody, CRP

53
Q

Describe the TB test and what positive result means

A

TB test is when PPD is injected IC and observed for redness and induration after 14/48 hours, shows you if the person has been exposed to the bacteria M. tuberculosis.

type IV hypersensitivity

54
Q

list 2 types of cells that affect CD4 helper cell to properly function and the consequence of lack

A

CD8 Cytotoxic cells- reduces killings of pathogens

B cells: reduce or no antibody production

55
Q

function of C3a

A

release of histamine or mast cell degranulation

56
Q

function of C5a

A

release of histamine and or chemoattractant

57
Q

function of MAC

A

terminal components of the complement system (C5-C9), form a pore on the bacterial cell membrane and cause lysis and death of bacterium

Quiz 2 (7 decks)

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