hypersensitivity and vaccines Flashcards
type II
cytotoxic, rh sensitization.
Use a Rhogram ( anti-Rh antibodies) to protect fetus
ABO incompatibility of Blood transfusion
type I
immediate IgE mediated ( anaphylactic)
localized are hives, rashes
systemic are shock and peanut allergies
- has 3 phases, sensitization, activation, effector
- mast cells and basophils act to increase permeability and secretion
type III
immune complex mediated. Includes Arthus reaction and generalized reaction of AG-AB complexes, attracts neutrophils to release granules to damage tissue
Type IV
delayed cell mediated, slower response, activates macrophages as main cell, includes TB test.
treatment includes corticosteroids
Attenuated whole vaccines
living, but weakend microbes, mimics infection, longer immunity,
Ex- polio, MMRV
Can’t be used for people who are immunocompromised
inactivated whole agent vaccines
use whole microbes that have been killed, no replication in host, shorter immunity
Ex; rabies
subunit vaccines
only the antigenic fragments of a microorganism that will best stimulate an immune response, produced by genetic engineering
Ex:hep B
Toxoids
toxin isolated and chemically treated to preserve the antigenicity but make the toxin non-functional. Required boosters for full immunity
Ex: tetanus
conjugated vaccines
for children under 2, are T dependent vaccines and produce better immunity
ex- polysaccharide vaccines, stimulate only IgM antibodies
DNA vaccine
introduce a gene for an organism into human host cell, still in research
Mantoux test
TB test where different concentrations of PPD are injected and area that reacts on skin is measured
QuantifERON TB gold test
new blood test for TB, confirm if it is latent or active, doesn’t require patient to return for measurement
