Practice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following wildlife species requires a federal permit to be kept in captivity?
a) cottontail
b) otter
c) bluejay
d) Canada goose
D
An Ontario wildlife custodian authorization allows the wildlife custodian to:
a) keep a non-releasable bat as an education animal
b) keep a non-releasable skunk as an education animal
c) keep an orphaned raccoon for three years to give it a better start
d) none of the above
D
If you admit a bald eagle, you must always contact:
a) a newspaper
b) your veterinarian
c) the police
d) your local MNR office
D
A wildlife custodian is required to submit an annual report of all animals handled listed by species. Which of the following is an unacceptable identification?
a) bat
b) red fox
c) belted kingfisher
d) grey squirrel
A
In the province of Ontario, the wildlife custodian must be:
a) Atleast 19
b) pass a written examination with a score 80% or higher
c) reside in Ontario
d) all of the above
D
A wildlife custodian made exhibit animals to the public at any time
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Species at risk in Ontario may not be rehabilitated under a wildlife custodian authorization
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Holding a wildlife custodian authorization in Ontario automatically allows the custodian to rehabilitate and release rabies-vector species
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
A veterinary license allows veterinarians to rehab, rehabilitate, and release distressed wildlife
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
An authorized wildlife custodian may accept wildlife for rehabilitation from outside of Ontario without prior MNR approval
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
When you admit an endangered species, you must notify your local MNR office within one working day
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Which of the following is listed as a threatened species in Ontario?
a) bluejay
b) grey fox
c) Cooper’s hawk
d) Lynx
B
Which of the following is strictly carnivorous?
a) Raccoon
b) Deer
c) Opposum
d) Weasel
D
Which of the following is an omnivore?
a) opossum
b) white-tailed deer
c) cotton tail
d) bobcat
A
Which of the following is a herbivore?
a) big brown bat
b) striped skunk
c) porcupine
d) all of the above
C
In mammals, what type of feeding group Always has canines and sharp incisors for tearing animal tissue?
a) omnivores
b) herbivores
c) carnivores
d) insectivores
C
In mammals, what type of feed the group has sharp Canine teeth and flat-surfaced molars for grinding food?
a) Carnivores
b) omnivores
c) herbivores
d) insectivores
B
Which mammalian group has molar teeth for grinding, but no sharp canines?
a) insectivores
b) carnivores
c) omnivores
d) herbivores
D
Raccoons are true hibernators in the winter
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Skunks are primarily crepuscular
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Which of the following mammals is not a rodent?
a) beaver
b) deer mouse
c) cottontail rabbit
d) flying squirrel
C
Porcupines have:
a) quills that can be thrown with the vigourous shake of its tail
b) poisonous quills
c) good eyesight
d) barbed quills that can work themselves deeper into the animal, causing further injury
D
It is natural for some mammals to leave their young unattended for long periods, only returning to feed them
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Which of the following is not an accipiter type of hawk?
a) goshawk
b) American kestrel
c) Cooper’s hawk
d) sharp shinned hawk
B
Which is an anatomical structure that a hawk has but an owl does not?
a) retractable talons
b) a crop
c) a cloaca
d) an esophagus
B
An infant bird that is hatched, naked, blind, and totally dependent on its parents is an example of:
a) precocial bird
b) fledgling bird
c) altricial bird
d) a brancher
C
What are the most important means of defence for a raptor?
a) beak and wings
b) feet and beak
c) wings and feet
d) submissive behaviour
B
The term fledgeling refers to a bird that is:
a) still in the egg
b) out of the nest and able to fly short distances
c) has closed eyes and is unfeathered
d) has full flight abilities
B
Most snakes in Ontario are poisonous
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
The upper side of a turtle shell is called its carapace and the lower side is called its plastron
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Most snakes are:
a) carnivores
b) herbivores
c) omnivores
d) insectivores
A
Which of the following is the most common snake in Ontario?
a) water snake
b) garter snake
c) rat snake
d) eastern milk snake
B
The painted turtle is one of the most common turtles in Ontario
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Snapping turtles may be safely picked up by the sides of the carapace
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
One of the best ways to prevent the transmission of infectious disease from wildlife to people or domestic animals:
a) use high doses of antibiotics
b) use good hygiene for both oneself and the animals
c) keep the animals outdoors as much as possible
d) never clean the cage
B
Bleach is a chlorine based product that should not be used to clean cages
FALSE
Frequent removal of feces and urine from cages is important, and efforts should be made to not stress the animal during this activity
TRUE
FALSE
True
It is essential to use double door entries in cages housing outdoor animals
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Caging for wild animals should provide the following:
a) shelter from the elements
b) stimuli for eliciting natural behaviours
c) adequate space for exercise
d) all of the above
D
An animal physical health is the only important consideration in rehabilitation
TRUE
FALSE
False
Family dogs can be used to patrol around rehabilitation cages in order to keep free roaming wild animals away
TRUE
FALSE
False
While raising wild young animals, it is best if they develop a permanent dependence on humans as this reduces stress while in captivity
TRUE
FALSE
False
The term weaning refers to:
a) the transition from formula to solid food
b) the animals ability to climb
c) not having to feed during the night
d) an animal that’s ready for release
A
Confining a recently injured animal to a dark cardboard box:
a) may reduce stress
b) may help tame it for treatment
c) will cause claustrophobia and panic
d) may cause the animals ability to hibernate
A
Juvenile animals under 6 weeks of age are not at risk of spreading contagious disease
TRUE
FALSE
False
Wildlife custodians should always try to:
a) tame the animals as soon as possible in order to reduce stress
b) practice medicine to the best of their ability without bothering a veterinarian
c) limit contact with animals in their care to keep them as wild as possible
d) give the public accurate advice on how to care for wildlife in their home
C
Providing heat to help an animal maintain its body temperature may lessen the chances of shock. Which of the following methods is an appropriate source of warmth?
a) heating pad
b) incubator
c) infrared lamp
d) all of the above
D
When using an external heat source to raise the body temperature of an animal, you must carefully monitor the temperature to prevent burns or overheating. Which of the following one used incorrectly can cause injury to the animal?
a) heating pad
b) incandescent light bulb with reflectors
c) infrared lamp
d) all of the above
D
You have been presented with a baby opossum that is listless and disinterested in food or water. What should you do first?
a) warm it up
b) stomach tube
c) try to give it fluids with a baby bottle
d) wait until dark and see if its condition improves
A
Before their eyes are open, most young mammals need to be stimulated to urinate or defecate by tickling their genital area with a warm, wet cotton ball or cloth
TRUE
FALSE
True
It is OK to house other animals in outdoor cages where raccoons have been, provided you wash them thoroughly with soap and water
TRUE
FALSE
False
It is important that you do not provide hiding boxes for animals as you need to be able to see them and monitor their health
TRUE
FALSE
False
When raising orphan skunks, it is best to descent them before they begin spraying
TRUE
FALSE
False
Placing an orphaned bird in the nest of two similar aged birds of the same species is a bad idea because it may cause the parents to reject it
TRUE
FALSE
False
It is important to not touch a baby bird with your bare hands when placing it back in the nest as the mother may become frightened by the scent
TRUE
FALSE
False
When a captive nestling bird fledges, it begins to leave the nest. You should monitor the bird closely and place it back in the nest at least every hour
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Nestling birds should be placed in large containers to allow for movement
TRUE
FALSE
False
The simplest way to prevent Bumblefoot in raptor is to:
a) add vitamins to their diet
b) soak the feet in alcohol once a week
c) wrap perches with padded material
d) put grass in the cages
C
When a bird is ready to be housed outdoors, it’s cage must:
a) be well protected with sufficient bedding
b) have perches of varying diameters
c) have places for the bird to sun itself on cool days and plenty of shade for hot days
d) all of the above
D
Insufficient temperatures for reptiles promote which of the following:
a) lack of appetite and poor digestion
b) increased activity level
c) increase tendencies for infection and impaired healing
d) a and c
D
Most turtles in Ontario are terrestrial species that do not need water
TRUE
FALSE
False
The most accurate way to determine how much to feed an animal is by approximating the size of its stomach
TRUE
FALSE
False
The most important factor in calculating caloric requirement is
a)type of animal
b) weight
c) condition
d) all of the above
D
If you plan to supplement the diet of a particular species with vitamins and minerals:
a) human doses are an appropriate guideline if prorated to the animals exact weight
b) it is always safe to approximate doses, the excess will be excreted in the urine
c) talk to an animal nutritionist or veterinarian first
d) they should never be combined with food
e) a and b
C
For their size, growing juvenile animals have greater caloric requirements than adults
TRUE
FALSE
True
You have been presented with an injured orphaned owl with its eyes open. Because of an injury, it can’t be put back in its nest. What should you feed it?
a) minced round steak mixed with soaked puppy chow
b) cut up beef hearts or chicken livers, supplemented with bone meal
c) mouse pieces with all bones removed
d) none of the above
D
Metabolic bone disease can result from which of the following problems:
a) calcium deficiency
b) improper calcium : phosphorus ratio
c) vitamin D deficiency
d) all of the above
D
Metabolic bone disease can result from which of the following problems:
a) calcium deficiency
b) improper calcium : phosphorus ratio
c) vitamin D deficiency
d) all of the above
D
An animal can become severely ill from too much:
a) vitamin A
b) vitamin C
c) vitamin D
d) vitamin A and D
D
Bird and mammals fed mostly a fish diet should receive supplemental vitamin to prevent a serious deficiency:
a) vitamin A
b) vitamin B12
c) thiamine
d) vitamin C
C
If an animal comes in emaciated and dehydrated, rehydration should wait until after initial feeding
TRUE
FALSE
False
In a captive situation, a wild animal offered a variety of foods will always eat the foods that are good for it
TRUE
FALSE
False
Tube feeding is the preferred routine method for feeding most healthy baby animals
TRUE
FALSE
False
If a newly arrived orphan appears healthy in every way, it is okay to feed it 100% formula right away
TRUE
FALSE
False
Gavage is another name for what technique?
a) bottle feeding
b) syringe feeding
c) tube feeding
d) bottle sterilization
C
Feeding tubes are too large to fit into an animals trachea
TRUE
FALSE
False
As long as a nutritionally balanced formula is provided for orphans, a feeding schedule is not imperative
TRUE
FALSE
False
Orphaned animals will always stop eating when they’ve had the appropriate amount
TRUE
FALSE
False
Well, feeding a young squirrel, you notice bubbles around its nose. You should:
a) stop feeding, wipe the surplus off, and hold the head downward, tapping the shoulders
b) assume that it is eating quickly, and that the bubbles are normal
c) wipe the surplus off and place the squirrel on its back
d) stop the feeding because its stomach is full, that’s why the milk is coming back up
A
When tube feeding, it isn’t essential to calculate amounts, you will know when to stop when the food backs up to the throat
TRUE
FALSE
False
When bottle feeding infant animals it’s better to overfeed to make sure they get enough than to underfeed
TRUE
FALSE
False
Infant animals should be held on their backs when being fed like human babies
TRUE
FALSE
False
If an orphaned mammal develops diarrhea, you should:
a) consult a veterinarian
b) rehydrate as necessary
c) try to discover the cause (viral, dietary parasites, etc)
d) temporarily reduce formula concentration, reassessing at each feeding
e) all of the above
E
Whole pray items, such as mice, rats, and quail are the best foods for raptors
TRUE
FALSE
True
It is never difficult to get precocial birds to eat in captivity
TRUE
FALSE
False
A missed feeding for a nestling bird can be made up by doubling the next feeding
TRUE
FALSE
False
The old chicks are a good food for the long-term care of raptors
TRUE
FALSE
False
The trachea in all birds is just behind the tongue
TRUE
FALSE
True
Freshly dead feral pigeons are a good food item for raptors
TRUE
FALSE
False
Snakes will laugh and regurgitate their food if they:
a) find it tastes bad
b) are beginning to shed their skin
c) are disturbed or handled too soon after eating
d) all of the above
D
If you put a live mouse in with a snake and it doesn’t eat it, you should leave the mouse in overnight
TRUE
FALSE
False
Shock, severe dehydration, severe emaciation, blood loss, and other fluid loss are life threatening and need immediate treatment
TRUE
FALSE
True
Wildlife species probably don’t feel pain as humans do
TRUE
FALSE
False
Neurological status can be evaluated by assessing:
a) general attitude
b) seizure activity
c) abnormal head position
d) all of the above
D
Signs that can help in recognizing an animal in shock:
a) severe watery diarrhea
b) slow capillary refill time and pale gums
c) increased pulse and respiratory rates
d) b and c
D
An animal is admitted with a fractured leg and is in shock. The state of shock should be controlled before the fracture, as shock is life threatening.
TRUE
FALSE
True
Dehydration in animals can occur due to vomiting, blood loss or diarrhea
TRUE
FALSE
True
If a nestling bird has been out of its nest for some time and has gotten chilled, the first thing to do is warm it
TRUE
FALSE
True
The goal of fluid therapy is the replace the fluid deficit over 24-48hrs, provide maintenance fluid intake during this time, and compensate for ongoing losses
TRUE
FALSE
True
What is the first step in caring for an emaciated animal?
a) feed it solid food
b) administer fluids
c) give it antibiotics
d) feed it a diet consisting of the basic elements that require little energy for digestion
B
What is the first priority upon receiving a young bird that is poorly feathered and has been out of the nest for some time?
a) feed it
b) warm it to its normal body temperature
c) place it in a cage with similar aged birds
d) all of the above
B
Although veterinarians should see animals with a fracture as soon as possible, wildlife custodians may have to immobilize a limb prior to seeking assistance to prevent further damage
TRUE
FALSE
True
Which of the following is an important question to ask when accepting an animal for rehabilitation?
a) where and when was the animal found
b) did the finders have any contact with blood, saliva, or feces
c) did the finders feed or treat the animal
d) all of the above
D
You were called to pick up a five day old barred owl that has fallen out of the nest cavity and has no obvious injuries. The best thing to do is:
a) remove the owlet and cross foster it with a non releasable adult owl
b) return the owlet to the nest cavity, if possible
c) place the owlet on a low branch of a near tree
d) remove the owlet and hand rear it.
B
A physical exam performed all at once Upon admission of an already stressed bird can cause its death
TRUE
FALSE
True
Normally a birds body temperature is considerably higher than a mammals
TRUE
FALSE
True
The clinical signs of rabies and distemper are distinctive enough for a wildlife custodian to determine the difference in a wild animal
TRUE
FALSE
False
You are presented with a raccoon that was found on the side of the road. It’s staggers when walking, seems uncoordinated and has what appears to be a seizure. Which of the following can be possible causes of these symptoms?
a) trauma
b) rabies
c) canine distemper
d) all of the above
D
Well all mammals are susceptible to rabies the four most commonly affected species in North America are the raccoon, skunk, bat, and red fox
TRUE
FALSE
True
When handling a raptor, the person should be mostly worried about the beak and not worried about the talons and feet
TRUE
FALSE
False
Eye goggles are especially important when handling:
a) bitterns, herons, or egrets
b) hawks or owls
c) any large mammals
d) raccoons and woodchucks
A
Rescued small mammals should be transported in which manner?
a) in your hands
b) in an open bucket
c) in a warm, well ventilated, dark box or pet carrier
d) under your jacket
C
Severely emaciated or dehydrated animals (down to 50-70% of normal body weight) are often very difficult to save and should not be given solid food right away
TRUE
FALSE
True
Before a snake sheds its skin (ecdysis), the skin over the eye appears cloudy, becoming an opaque grey-blue
TRUE
FALSE
True
The term for excessive elevation of body temperature, characterized by panting, increased respiratory and heart rate is
a) dyspnea
b) hypothermia
c) hyperthermia
d) acidosis
C
Open mouth breathing and panting can be a sign of
a) starvation
b) overheating and stress
c) chilling
d) dehydration
B
Restraint of wildlife when the ambient air temperature is hot or when humidity is high can cause the animal to become:
a) hypothermic
b) hyperthermic
c) anemic
d) anorexic
B
Which of the following factors contribute to the excessive elevation of an animals body temperature?
a) dehydration
b) excessive muscle exertion
c) increased metabolic activity
d) all of the above
D
A red fox that has been hit by a car has been presented to you. It is unable to support weight on its right front leg, although there are no visible wounds. Upon further examination, you notice swelling in the middle of the leg. You suspect this is a mid shaft fracture of the radius and ulna. Proper management of this type of injury includes:
a) placing the fox in a large cage in a quiet location to begin recovering
b) apply a splint from the joint above to the joint below the fracture site, and consult a veterinarian
c) apply a small bandage directly on the fracture site
d) begin oral antibiotics for 2-3 days
B
Diarrhea can indicate:
a) intestinal infection
b) stress
c) improper diet
d) all of the above
D
If the faeces of a one month, old raccoon are examined for raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) and the test is negative, the raccoon may still be infected with immature roundworms
TRUE
FALSE
True
Raccoon roundworm eggs that were deposited outdoors may remain alive for:
a) a week
b) six weeks
c) six months
d) many years
D
Which of the following can be used to kill the eggs of raccoon roundworm?
a) blowtorch
b) iodine solutions
c) bleach
d) detergent and hot water
A
You have several baby opossums that you’ve been hand feeding. Two new ones have been brought in and you noticed large areas of hair loss and crusting on their stomach and hind legs. Because it is easiest to feed all opossums at the same time, you add these two to the feeding schedule. You should:
a) feed the two new babies first because they are the hungriest
b) put them all in the same cage to minimize stress to the newcomers
c) feed the new babies last and handle with care as they may have a contagious disease
d) treat them the same as you treat the other babies
C
Mange just caused by mites and is:
a) best treated with an antibiotic
b) best treated with a topical pesticide
c) transferred readily among social mammals
d) b and c
D
An epizootic disease:
a) is one that attacks many animals simultaneously similar to an epidemic in humans
b) is transmissible from animals to humans
c) only contagious among birds
d) a problem that is extremely rare in North America
A
Which of the following may be clinical signs of West Nile virus?
a) anorexia and weight loss
b) head tremors, ataxia, and weak legs
c) excessive sleeping
d) all of the above
D
Some animals with West Nile virus may recover if given supportive care
TRUE
FALSE
True
Mammals cannot contract West Nile virus
TRUE
FALSE
False
Which of the following is not zoonotic?
a) Lyme disease
b) raccoon roundworm
c) distemper
d) rabies
C
In species other than raccoons, which of the following symptoms can be caused by Baylisascaris procyonis?
a) central nervous system abnormalities
b) death
c) blindness
d) all of the above
D
If you were planning to release a red tailed hawk and find that it has one broken tail feather, the best solution is to:
a) keep the bird until a new feather has molted in
b) repair the broken feather by imping
c) pull out the broken feather
d) release it
B
Normal body weight is a factor in considering the release of an animal
TRUE
FALSE
True
Young bird should have the opportunity to forage in a flight cage for several days before they are released
TRUE
FALSE
True
If a broad talk has recovered from all its injuries in the fall. It is appropriate to release it in December
TRUE
FALSE
False
An animal needs to be a acclimated to the outdoors before it can be released
TRUE
FALSE
True
The carrying capacity of an area for a species is not an important consideration when releasing
TRUE
FALSE
False
Knowledge of an animals natural history and resource needs are important in determining release sites
TRUE
FALSE
True
Gay squirrels should be released early enough in the fall to cache food for the winter and find shelter
TRUE
FALSE
True
Which problem in each of the following animals would prevent the individuals release into the wild?
a) loss of vision in red tailed hawk
b) loss of one eye in a red fox
c) loss of a digit in the hind foot of a raccoon
d) loss of the tip of its ear in a rabbit
A
Habitat selection for release should meet which of the following requirements:
a) food and water, cover or shelter, close proximity to humans
b) cover or shelter, spatial needs, close proximity to humans
c) food and water, cover or shelter, spatial needs
d) food and water, spatial needs, close proximity to humans
C
What behavioural considerations are important for an animal to exhibit before release?
a) competent foraging behaviour
b) predator avoidance
c) species recognition and socialization with its own kind
d) all of the above
D
Fledgeling Raptors are excellent hunters as soon as they can fly
TRUE
FALSE
False
The conditions of a wildlife custodian authorization require a wildlife custodian to release adult animals within 1km from where they are found
TRUE
FALSE
True
The most important factor when choosing a method of euthanasia is:
a) weight of the animal
b) whatever is most readily available
c) skill of the wildlife custodian to perform the euthanasia humanely and safely
d) preferences of the person who found the animal
C
Humane euthanasia is a necessary part of wildlife rehabilitation for every wildlife custodian
TRUE
FALSE
True
When choosing a method of euthanasia, which factor should be considered?
a) use of a technique that minimizes stress and pain for the animal
b) the experience of the wildlife custodian with the technique
c) the degree of safety of the technique to the wildlife custodian
d) all of the above
D
You’ve been caring for a young rabbit that has had severe diarrhoea for several days. A faecal examination. Eventually the rabbit dies. You may dispose of its body by:
a) deep burial
b) feeding to a predator
c) incineration
d) a or c
D
Acceptable methods of euthanasia for cold blooded vertebrates can include putting them in a freezer
TRUE
FALSE
False
When deciding whether to euthanize an animal or continue treatment, factors to consider include:
a) the availability of an effective and humane treatment
b) when completed treatment will the animal be able to survive in the wild?
c) if the animal is not releasable, is there justification to keep the animal in captivity?
d) all of the above
D
When a fledgeling bird is reported to be orphaned, but not injured, the best advice is usually to:
a) take it in immediately for care and rehabilitation
b) place the bird in a sheltered location nearby and observe if a parent shows up
c) remain in the Yard to observe the bird for a while
d) ignore the situation
B
If someone calls and says they found a baby bird who cannot quite fly sitting on a low branch in her yard, the best thing to do is tell her to bring it over and raise it where it will be safe
TRUE
FALSE
False
The primary concern when advising the public on how to handle ailing wildlife are to first avoid injuring the handler, and to second avoid further injuring the animal
TRUE
FALSE
True
Young, healthy precocial birds whose parents are not seen should be observed from a distance to see if parents come back before being rescued
TRUE
FALSE
True
The public should be discouraged from handling any wildlife because
a) possibility of injuring the animal
b) the animal could injure the human
c) likelihood the animal will become tame
d) all of the above
D
