Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following wildlife species requires a federal permit to be kept in captivity?
a) cottontail
b) otter
c) bluejay
d) Canada goose

A

D

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2
Q

An Ontario wildlife custodian authorization allows the wildlife custodian to:
a) keep a non-releasable bat as an education animal
b) keep a non-releasable skunk as an education animal
c) keep an orphaned raccoon for three years to give it a better start
d) none of the above

A

D

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3
Q

If you admit a bald eagle, you must always contact:
a) a newspaper
b) your veterinarian
c) the police
d) your local MNR office

A

D

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4
Q

A wildlife custodian is required to submit an annual report of all animals handled listed by species. Which of the following is an unacceptable identification?
a) bat
b) red fox
c) belted kingfisher
d) grey squirrel

A

A

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5
Q

In the province of Ontario, the wildlife custodian must be:
a) Atleast 19
b) pass a written examination with a score 80% or higher
c) reside in Ontario
d) all of the above

A

D

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6
Q

A wildlife custodian made exhibit animals to the public at any time
TRUE
FALSE

A

FALSE

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7
Q

Species at risk in Ontario may not be rehabilitated under a wildlife custodian authorization
TRUE
FALSE

A

FALSE

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8
Q

Holding a wildlife custodian authorization in Ontario automatically allows the custodian to rehabilitate and release rabies-vector species
TRUE
FALSE

A

FALSE

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9
Q

A veterinary license allows veterinarians to rehab, rehabilitate, and release distressed wildlife
TRUE
FALSE

A

FALSE

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10
Q

An authorized wildlife custodian may accept wildlife for rehabilitation from outside of Ontario without prior MNR approval
TRUE
FALSE

A

FALSE

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11
Q

When you admit an endangered species, you must notify your local MNR office within one working day
TRUE
FALSE

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Which of the following is listed as a threatened species in Ontario?
a) bluejay
b) grey fox
c) Cooper’s hawk
d) Lynx

A

B

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13
Q

Which of the following is strictly carnivorous?
a) Raccoon
b) Deer
c) Opposum
d) Weasel

A

D

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14
Q

Which of the following is an omnivore?
a) opossum
b) white-tailed deer
c) cotton tail
d) bobcat

A

A

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15
Q

Which of the following is a herbivore?
a) big brown bat
b) striped skunk
c) porcupine
d) all of the above

A

C

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16
Q

In mammals, what type of feeding group Always has canines and sharp incisors for tearing animal tissue?
a) omnivores
b) herbivores
c) carnivores
d) insectivores

A

C

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17
Q

In mammals, what type of feed the group has sharp Canine teeth and flat-surfaced molars for grinding food?
a) Carnivores
b) omnivores
c) herbivores
d) insectivores

A

B

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18
Q

Which mammalian group has molar teeth for grinding, but no sharp canines?
a) insectivores
b) carnivores
c) omnivores
d) herbivores

A

D

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19
Q

Raccoons are true hibernators in the winter
TRUE
FALSE

A

FALSE

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20
Q

Skunks are primarily crepuscular
TRUE
FALSE

A

TRUE

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21
Q

Which of the following mammals is not a rodent?
a) beaver
b) deer mouse
c) cottontail rabbit
d) flying squirrel

A

C

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22
Q

Porcupines have:
a) quills that can be thrown with the vigourous shake of its tail
b) poisonous quills
c) good eyesight
d) barbed quills that can work themselves deeper into the animal, causing further injury

A

D

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23
Q

It is natural for some mammals to leave their young unattended for long periods, only returning to feed them
TRUE
FALSE

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Which of the following is not an accipiter type of hawk?
a) goshawk
b) American kestrel
c) Cooper’s hawk
d) sharp shinned hawk

A

B

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25
Which is an anatomical structure that a hawk has but an owl does not? a) retractable talons b) a crop c) a cloaca d) an esophagus
B
26
An infant bird that is hatched, naked, blind, and totally dependent on its parents is an example of: a) precocial bird b) fledgling bird c) altricial bird d) a brancher
C
27
What are the most important means of defence for a raptor? a) beak and wings b) feet and beak c) wings and feet d) submissive behaviour
B
28
The term fledgeling refers to a bird that is: a) still in the egg b) out of the nest and able to fly short distances c) has closed eyes and is unfeathered d) has full flight abilities
B
29
Most snakes in Ontario are poisonous TRUE FALSE
FALSE
30
The upper side of a turtle shell is called its carapace and the lower side is called its plastron TRUE FALSE
TRUE
31
Most snakes are: a) carnivores b) herbivores c) omnivores d) insectivores
A
32
Which of the following is the most common snake in Ontario? a) water snake b) garter snake c) rat snake d) eastern milk snake
B
33
The painted turtle is one of the most common turtles in Ontario TRUE FALSE
TRUE
34
Snapping turtles may be safely picked up by the sides of the carapace TRUE FALSE
FALSE
35
One of the best ways to prevent the transmission of infectious disease from wildlife to people or domestic animals: a) use high doses of antibiotics b) use good hygiene for both oneself and the animals c) keep the animals outdoors as much as possible d) never clean the cage
B
36
Bleach is a chlorine based product that should not be used to clean cages
FALSE
37
Frequent removal of feces and urine from cages is important, and efforts should be made to not stress the animal during this activity TRUE FALSE
True
38
It is essential to use double door entries in cages housing outdoor animals TRUE FALSE
TRUE
39
Caging for wild animals should provide the following: a) shelter from the elements b) stimuli for eliciting natural behaviours c) adequate space for exercise d) all of the above
D
40
An animal physical health is the only important consideration in rehabilitation TRUE FALSE
False
41
Family dogs can be used to patrol around rehabilitation cages in order to keep free roaming wild animals away TRUE FALSE
False
42
While raising wild young animals, it is best if they develop a permanent dependence on humans as this reduces stress while in captivity TRUE FALSE
False
43
The term weaning refers to: a) the transition from formula to solid food b) the animals ability to climb c) not having to feed during the night d) an animal that’s ready for release
A
44
Confining a recently injured animal to a dark cardboard box: a) may reduce stress b) may help tame it for treatment c) will cause claustrophobia and panic d) may cause the animals ability to hibernate
A
45
Juvenile animals under 6 weeks of age are not at risk of spreading contagious disease TRUE FALSE
False
46
Wildlife custodians should always try to: a) tame the animals as soon as possible in order to reduce stress b) practice medicine to the best of their ability without bothering a veterinarian c) limit contact with animals in their care to keep them as wild as possible d) give the public accurate advice on how to care for wildlife in their home
C
47
Providing heat to help an animal maintain its body temperature may lessen the chances of shock. Which of the following methods is an appropriate source of warmth? a) heating pad b) incubator c) infrared lamp d) all of the above
D
48
When using an external heat source to raise the body temperature of an animal, you must carefully monitor the temperature to prevent burns or overheating. Which of the following one used incorrectly can cause injury to the animal? a) heating pad b) incandescent light bulb with reflectors c) infrared lamp d) all of the above
D
49
You have been presented with a baby opossum that is listless and disinterested in food or water. What should you do first? a) warm it up b) stomach tube c) try to give it fluids with a baby bottle d) wait until dark and see if its condition improves
A
50
Before their eyes are open, most young mammals need to be stimulated to urinate or defecate by tickling their genital area with a warm, wet cotton ball or cloth TRUE FALSE
True
51
It is OK to house other animals in outdoor cages where raccoons have been, provided you wash them thoroughly with soap and water TRUE FALSE
False
52
It is important that you do not provide hiding boxes for animals as you need to be able to see them and monitor their health TRUE FALSE
False
53
When raising orphan skunks, it is best to descent them before they begin spraying TRUE FALSE
False
54
Placing an orphaned bird in the nest of two similar aged birds of the same species is a bad idea because it may cause the parents to reject it TRUE FALSE
False
55
It is important to not touch a baby bird with your bare hands when placing it back in the nest as the mother may become frightened by the scent TRUE FALSE
False
56
When a captive nestling bird fledges, it begins to leave the nest. You should monitor the bird closely and place it back in the nest at least every hour TRUE FALSE
FALSE
57
Nestling birds should be placed in large containers to allow for movement TRUE FALSE
False
58
The simplest way to prevent Bumblefoot in raptor is to: a) add vitamins to their diet b) soak the feet in alcohol once a week c) wrap perches with padded material d) put grass in the cages
C
59
When a bird is ready to be housed outdoors, it’s cage must: a) be well protected with sufficient bedding b) have perches of varying diameters c) have places for the bird to sun itself on cool days and plenty of shade for hot days d) all of the above
D
60
Insufficient temperatures for reptiles promote which of the following: a) lack of appetite and poor digestion b) increased activity level c) increase tendencies for infection and impaired healing d) a and c
D
61
Most turtles in Ontario are terrestrial species that do not need water TRUE FALSE
False
62
The most accurate way to determine how much to feed an animal is by approximating the size of its stomach TRUE FALSE
False
63
The most important factor in calculating caloric requirement is a)type of animal b) weight c) condition d) all of the above
D
64
If you plan to supplement the diet of a particular species with vitamins and minerals: a) human doses are an appropriate guideline if prorated to the animals exact weight b) it is always safe to approximate doses, the excess will be excreted in the urine c) talk to an animal nutritionist or veterinarian first d) they should never be combined with food e) a and b
C
65
For their size, growing juvenile animals have greater caloric requirements than adults TRUE FALSE
True
66
You have been presented with an injured orphaned owl with its eyes open. Because of an injury, it can’t be put back in its nest. What should you feed it? a) minced round steak mixed with soaked puppy chow b) cut up beef hearts or chicken livers, supplemented with bone meal c) mouse pieces with all bones removed d) none of the above
D
67
Metabolic bone disease can result from which of the following problems: a) calcium deficiency b) improper calcium : phosphorus ratio c) vitamin D deficiency d) all of the above
D
68
Metabolic bone disease can result from which of the following problems: a) calcium deficiency b) improper calcium : phosphorus ratio c) vitamin D deficiency d) all of the above
D
69
An animal can become severely ill from too much: a) vitamin A b) vitamin C c) vitamin D d) vitamin A and D
D
70
Bird and mammals fed mostly a fish diet should receive supplemental vitamin to prevent a serious deficiency: a) vitamin A b) vitamin B12 c) thiamine d) vitamin C
C
71
If an animal comes in emaciated and dehydrated, rehydration should wait until after initial feeding TRUE FALSE
False
72
In a captive situation, a wild animal offered a variety of foods will always eat the foods that are good for it TRUE FALSE
False
73
Tube feeding is the preferred routine method for feeding most healthy baby animals TRUE FALSE
False
74
If a newly arrived orphan appears healthy in every way, it is okay to feed it 100% formula right away TRUE FALSE
False
75
Gavage is another name for what technique? a) bottle feeding b) syringe feeding c) tube feeding d) bottle sterilization
C
76
Feeding tubes are too large to fit into an animals trachea TRUE FALSE
False
77
As long as a nutritionally balanced formula is provided for orphans, a feeding schedule is not imperative TRUE FALSE
False
78
Orphaned animals will always stop eating when they’ve had the appropriate amount TRUE FALSE
False
79
Well, feeding a young squirrel, you notice bubbles around its nose. You should: a) stop feeding, wipe the surplus off, and hold the head downward, tapping the shoulders b) assume that it is eating quickly, and that the bubbles are normal c) wipe the surplus off and place the squirrel on its back d) stop the feeding because its stomach is full, that’s why the milk is coming back up
A
80
When tube feeding, it isn’t essential to calculate amounts, you will know when to stop when the food backs up to the throat TRUE FALSE
False
81
When bottle feeding infant animals it’s better to overfeed to make sure they get enough than to underfeed TRUE FALSE
False
82
Infant animals should be held on their backs when being fed like human babies TRUE FALSE
False
83
If an orphaned mammal develops diarrhea, you should: a) consult a veterinarian b) rehydrate as necessary c) try to discover the cause (viral, dietary parasites, etc) d) temporarily reduce formula concentration, reassessing at each feeding e) all of the above
E
84
Whole pray items, such as mice, rats, and quail are the best foods for raptors TRUE FALSE
True
85
It is never difficult to get precocial birds to eat in captivity TRUE FALSE
False
86
A missed feeding for a nestling bird can be made up by doubling the next feeding TRUE FALSE
False
87
The old chicks are a good food for the long-term care of raptors TRUE FALSE
False
88
The trachea in all birds is just behind the tongue TRUE FALSE
True
89
Freshly dead feral pigeons are a good food item for raptors TRUE FALSE
False
90
Snakes will laugh and regurgitate their food if they: a) find it tastes bad b) are beginning to shed their skin c) are disturbed or handled too soon after eating d) all of the above
D
91
If you put a live mouse in with a snake and it doesn’t eat it, you should leave the mouse in overnight TRUE FALSE
False
92
Shock, severe dehydration, severe emaciation, blood loss, and other fluid loss are life threatening and need immediate treatment TRUE FALSE
True
93
Wildlife species probably don’t feel pain as humans do TRUE FALSE
False
94
Neurological status can be evaluated by assessing: a) general attitude b) seizure activity c) abnormal head position d) all of the above
D
95
Signs that can help in recognizing an animal in shock: a) severe watery diarrhea b) slow capillary refill time and pale gums c) increased pulse and respiratory rates d) b and c
D
96
An animal is admitted with a fractured leg and is in shock. The state of shock should be controlled before the fracture, as shock is life threatening. TRUE FALSE
True
97
Dehydration in animals can occur due to vomiting, blood loss or diarrhea TRUE FALSE
True
98
If a nestling bird has been out of its nest for some time and has gotten chilled, the first thing to do is warm it TRUE FALSE
True
99
The goal of fluid therapy is the replace the fluid deficit over 24-48hrs, provide maintenance fluid intake during this time, and compensate for ongoing losses TRUE FALSE
True
100
What is the first step in caring for an emaciated animal? a) feed it solid food b) administer fluids c) give it antibiotics d) feed it a diet consisting of the basic elements that require little energy for digestion
B
101
What is the first priority upon receiving a young bird that is poorly feathered and has been out of the nest for some time? a) feed it b) warm it to its normal body temperature c) place it in a cage with similar aged birds d) all of the above
B
102
Although veterinarians should see animals with a fracture as soon as possible, wildlife custodians may have to immobilize a limb prior to seeking assistance to prevent further damage TRUE FALSE
True
103
104
Which of the following is an important question to ask when accepting an animal for rehabilitation? a) where and when was the animal found b) did the finders have any contact with blood, saliva, or feces c) did the finders feed or treat the animal d) all of the above
D
105
You were called to pick up a five day old barred owl that has fallen out of the nest cavity and has no obvious injuries. The best thing to do is: a) remove the owlet and cross foster it with a non releasable adult owl b) return the owlet to the nest cavity, if possible c) place the owlet on a low branch of a near tree d) remove the owlet and hand rear it.
B
106
A physical exam performed all at once Upon admission of an already stressed bird can cause its death TRUE FALSE
True
107
Normally a birds body temperature is considerably higher than a mammals TRUE FALSE
True
108
The clinical signs of rabies and distemper are distinctive enough for a wildlife custodian to determine the difference in a wild animal TRUE FALSE
False
109
You are presented with a raccoon that was found on the side of the road. It’s staggers when walking, seems uncoordinated and has what appears to be a seizure. Which of the following can be possible causes of these symptoms? a) trauma b) rabies c) canine distemper d) all of the above
D
110
Well all mammals are susceptible to rabies the four most commonly affected species in North America are the raccoon, skunk, bat, and red fox TRUE FALSE
True
111
When handling a raptor, the person should be mostly worried about the beak and not worried about the talons and feet TRUE FALSE
False
112
Eye goggles are especially important when handling: a) bitterns, herons, or egrets b) hawks or owls c) any large mammals d) raccoons and woodchucks
A
113
Rescued small mammals should be transported in which manner? a) in your hands b) in an open bucket c) in a warm, well ventilated, dark box or pet carrier d) under your jacket
C
114
Severely emaciated or dehydrated animals (down to 50-70% of normal body weight) are often very difficult to save and should not be given solid food right away TRUE FALSE
True
115
Before a snake sheds its skin (ecdysis), the skin over the eye appears cloudy, becoming an opaque grey-blue TRUE FALSE
True
116
The term for excessive elevation of body temperature, characterized by panting, increased respiratory and heart rate is a) dyspnea b) hypothermia c) hyperthermia d) acidosis
C
117
Open mouth breathing and panting can be a sign of a) starvation b) overheating and stress c) chilling d) dehydration
B
118
Restraint of wildlife when the ambient air temperature is hot or when humidity is high can cause the animal to become: a) hypothermic b) hyperthermic c) anemic d) anorexic
B
119
Which of the following factors contribute to the excessive elevation of an animals body temperature? a) dehydration b) excessive muscle exertion c) increased metabolic activity d) all of the above
D
120
A red fox that has been hit by a car has been presented to you. It is unable to support weight on its right front leg, although there are no visible wounds. Upon further examination, you notice swelling in the middle of the leg. You suspect this is a mid shaft fracture of the radius and ulna. Proper management of this type of injury includes: a) placing the fox in a large cage in a quiet location to begin recovering b) apply a splint from the joint above to the joint below the fracture site, and consult a veterinarian c) apply a small bandage directly on the fracture site d) begin oral antibiotics for 2-3 days
B
121
Diarrhea can indicate: a) intestinal infection b) stress c) improper diet d) all of the above
D
122
If the faeces of a one month, old raccoon are examined for raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) and the test is negative, the raccoon may still be infected with immature roundworms TRUE FALSE
True
123
Raccoon roundworm eggs that were deposited outdoors may remain alive for: a) a week b) six weeks c) six months d) many years
D
124
Which of the following can be used to kill the eggs of raccoon roundworm? a) blowtorch b) iodine solutions c) bleach d) detergent and hot water
A
125
You have several baby opossums that you’ve been hand feeding. Two new ones have been brought in and you noticed large areas of hair loss and crusting on their stomach and hind legs. Because it is easiest to feed all opossums at the same time, you add these two to the feeding schedule. You should: a) feed the two new babies first because they are the hungriest b) put them all in the same cage to minimize stress to the newcomers c) feed the new babies last and handle with care as they may have a contagious disease d) treat them the same as you treat the other babies
C
126
127
Mange just caused by mites and is: a) best treated with an antibiotic b) best treated with a topical pesticide c) transferred readily among social mammals d) b and c
D
128
An epizootic disease: a) is one that attacks many animals simultaneously similar to an epidemic in humans b) is transmissible from animals to humans c) only contagious among birds d) a problem that is extremely rare in North America
A
129
Which of the following may be clinical signs of West Nile virus? a) anorexia and weight loss b) head tremors, ataxia, and weak legs c) excessive sleeping d) all of the above
D
130
Some animals with West Nile virus may recover if given supportive care TRUE FALSE
True
131
Mammals cannot contract West Nile virus TRUE FALSE
False
132
Which of the following is not zoonotic? a) Lyme disease b) raccoon roundworm c) distemper d) rabies
C
133
In species other than raccoons, which of the following symptoms can be caused by Baylisascaris procyonis? a) central nervous system abnormalities b) death c) blindness d) all of the above
D
134
If you were planning to release a red tailed hawk and find that it has one broken tail feather, the best solution is to: a) keep the bird until a new feather has molted in b) repair the broken feather by imping c) pull out the broken feather d) release it
B
135
Normal body weight is a factor in considering the release of an animal TRUE FALSE
True
136
Young bird should have the opportunity to forage in a flight cage for several days before they are released TRUE FALSE
True
137
If a broad talk has recovered from all its injuries in the fall. It is appropriate to release it in December TRUE FALSE
False
138
An animal needs to be a acclimated to the outdoors before it can be released TRUE FALSE
True
139
The carrying capacity of an area for a species is not an important consideration when releasing TRUE FALSE
False
140
Knowledge of an animals natural history and resource needs are important in determining release sites TRUE FALSE
True
141
Gay squirrels should be released early enough in the fall to cache food for the winter and find shelter TRUE FALSE
True
142
Which problem in each of the following animals would prevent the individuals release into the wild? a) loss of vision in red tailed hawk b) loss of one eye in a red fox c) loss of a digit in the hind foot of a raccoon d) loss of the tip of its ear in a rabbit
A
143
Habitat selection for release should meet which of the following requirements: a) food and water, cover or shelter, close proximity to humans b) cover or shelter, spatial needs, close proximity to humans c) food and water, cover or shelter, spatial needs d) food and water, spatial needs, close proximity to humans
C
144
What behavioural considerations are important for an animal to exhibit before release? a) competent foraging behaviour b) predator avoidance c) species recognition and socialization with its own kind d) all of the above
D
145
Fledgeling Raptors are excellent hunters as soon as they can fly TRUE FALSE
False
146
The conditions of a wildlife custodian authorization require a wildlife custodian to release adult animals within 1km from where they are found TRUE FALSE
True
147
The most important factor when choosing a method of euthanasia is: a) weight of the animal b) whatever is most readily available c) skill of the wildlife custodian to perform the euthanasia humanely and safely d) preferences of the person who found the animal
C
148
Humane euthanasia is a necessary part of wildlife rehabilitation for every wildlife custodian TRUE FALSE
True
149
When choosing a method of euthanasia, which factor should be considered? a) use of a technique that minimizes stress and pain for the animal b) the experience of the wildlife custodian with the technique c) the degree of safety of the technique to the wildlife custodian d) all of the above
D
150
You’ve been caring for a young rabbit that has had severe diarrhoea for several days. A faecal examination. Eventually the rabbit dies. You may dispose of its body by: a) deep burial b) feeding to a predator c) incineration d) a or c
D
151
Acceptable methods of euthanasia for cold blooded vertebrates can include putting them in a freezer TRUE FALSE
False
152
When deciding whether to euthanize an animal or continue treatment, factors to consider include: a) the availability of an effective and humane treatment b) when completed treatment will the animal be able to survive in the wild? c) if the animal is not releasable, is there justification to keep the animal in captivity? d) all of the above
D
153
When a fledgeling bird is reported to be orphaned, but not injured, the best advice is usually to: a) take it in immediately for care and rehabilitation b) place the bird in a sheltered location nearby and observe if a parent shows up c) remain in the Yard to observe the bird for a while d) ignore the situation
B
154
If someone calls and says they found a baby bird who cannot quite fly sitting on a low branch in her yard, the best thing to do is tell her to bring it over and raise it where it will be safe TRUE FALSE
False
155
The primary concern when advising the public on how to handle ailing wildlife are to first avoid injuring the handler, and to second avoid further injuring the animal TRUE FALSE
True
156
Young, healthy precocial birds whose parents are not seen should be observed from a distance to see if parents come back before being rescued TRUE FALSE
True
157
The public should be discouraged from handling any wildlife because a) possibility of injuring the animal b) the animal could injure the human c) likelihood the animal will become tame d) all of the above
D