Practice Exam Flashcards
Why is avoiding bias is not a key concern for qualitative researchers?
Qualitative research recognises bias as an inevitable component of research.
Which of the following is NOT an example of analysis that Madill and Gough (2008) call thematic? Thematic analysis Discourse analysis Grounded theory Interpretive phenomenological analysis
Discourse analysis
When writing qualitative findings data extracts should be…
vivid and compelling
Which of the following is true of qualitative research questions?
Qualitative research questions are fixed and cannot change
Qualitative research does not have research questions
Qualitative research questions may be refined as the study progresses
Qualitative research questions are not generated until the end of the study process
qualitative research questions may be refined as the study progresses
What specific ethical consideration becomes important when there is a dual-relationship between an interviewer and a participant?
Confidentiality of new information
A correlational analysis produces r = .318, p = .13. This represents a:
nonsignificant correlation
What does it mean when the value of a t statistic is negative? For example, t(45) = -3.44.
The larger mean was subtracted from the smaller mean.
What does it mean when the value of an r statistic is negative? For example, r = -.47.
The two variables have an inverse relationship.
Some researchers are conducting a study on new teaching techniques for primary school students. One week, the children are taught Mexican history using normal teaching methods; the next week, they are taught Mexican history using an experimental, untested teaching method. At the end of each week the students are tested to see how well they learned the material. However, the students figure out what the study is about. Just for fun, they sabotage the experiment by deliberately doing poorly on the second test, making it seem like the new teaching method has a negative impact on learning. This scenario is an example of:
Demand characteristics (participants form an opinion of the study purpose and subconsciously change their behaviour.
A classic study by Loftus and colleagues showed that people who were shown a video of a car crash gave higher speed estimates for the same car when it was later described as “smashing” into something than when it was described as “bumping” into something. Recently, a team of researchers repeated the same experiment, using the same exact methodology, and tested whether the same pattern of results was produced. This is an example of:
a direct replication
A study published in the British Journal of Psychology compared typically developing children to children with grapheme-colour synaesthesia (i.e., children who see letters as inherently having colours, like H always being blue). Specifically, the researchers were interested in whether children with this kind of synaesthesia perform better than those without it on a variety of cognitive tasks measuring processing speed and working memory. What kind of design is this?
A quasi-experiment.
In one phase of the synaesthesia study, the experimenters compared synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic children on their ability to remember strings of letters. The independent variable here is ____ and the dependent variable is _____.
whether the children are synaesthetic or not; memory for letter strings.
The t-test, correlation coefficients, and ANOVA are all examples of _____ statistics.
Inferential.
For what value of p do psychologists usually reject the null hypothesis?
Less than .05
What is a p-value?
The probability that a statistical relationship at least as strong as the one in the sample would be found by pure chance, assuming the null hypothesis is true
