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Physiology Exam 3 > Practice Exam > Flashcards

Practice Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what effect does high sodium intake have on potassium secretion rate by kidneys?

A

has little effect

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2
Q

what would be the approximate volume of urine required to be excreted if all the excess H+ ions remained in free solution?

A

2700 L/day

if we weren’t able to buffer H+ ions and all had to be secreted

divide the numbers in the Q - 80/0.3 = 2700

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3
Q

which sensory endings in alveolar walls next to capillaries are sensitive to pulmonary edema?

A

J receptors

j = juxtaposition = means next to

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4
Q

what is the oxygen utilization coefficient at rest?

A

25%

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5
Q

what is the lowest pH that the normal kidneys can achieve ?

A

4.5

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6
Q 
which factor decrease potassium uptake by cells?
aldosterone
metabolic acidosis
insulin
catecholamines
A

metabolic acidosis

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7
Q

H+ ATPase is first encountered in which part of renal tubule?

A

distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

normally, how much H+ ions must be secreted each day in order to reabsorb 4320 mEq of filtered bicarbonate?

A

same number

4320 mEq of H+ ions

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9
Q

decreased concentrations of Ca ions in plasma would have direct effect on ?

A

increased release on PTH

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10
Q

normally, what is the transport maximum for glucose?

A

375 mg/min

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11
Q 
which is a substance actively secreted into renal tubules?
urea
angiotensin II
creatinine
ADP
A

creatinine

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12
Q

which best describes capillary filtration coefficient?

  1. average diameters of glomerular capillaries
  2. mean of the capillary pressure w/in glomerulus
  3. product of permeability and filtering surface area of glomerular capillaries
A

product of permeability of filtering surface area of glomerular capillaries

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13
Q 
which is a vasodilator that helps offset the effects of vasoconstrictors, especially on afferent arterioles?
bradykinin
endothelin
angiotensin II
norepinephrine
A

bradykinin

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14
Q 
much of the oxygen consumed by the kidneys is related to ?
high rate of glucose
sodium 
potassium
amino acid reabsorption
A

active sodium reabsorption

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15
Q

which is responsible for partially inhibiting micturition except when it is desired?

A

pudendal nerves

other answers are related to ANS
but desired urination = voluntary aka somatic innervation

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16
Q

w/o autoregulation a slight increase in blood pressure increases GFR up to 225 L/day, how much would this increase urine flow?

A

46.5 L/day

normal = 180 GFR
normal urine flow = 1.5 L/day

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17
Q 
what is the partial pressure of oxygen in mmHg at the alveolar membrane if the percentage in O2 in the alveoli is 20%?
75
122
152
266
A

152

find 20% of total atm pressure in alveoli

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18
Q

using the flick principle for calculating cardiac output, the patient’s resting O2 consumption volume should be divided by what ?

A

difference between systemic arterial and systemic mixed venous blood

19
Q

what is GFR if the urine conc. rate of substance is 125 mg/mL, flow rate is 2 mL/min, and plasma conc. of substance is 1 mg/mL?

A

250

renal clearance of inulin slide

20
Q

what mechanism is responsible for moving glucose?

A

secondary active transport via Na/glucose cotransporter

21
Q

what accounts for heart rate increase upon transitioning from lying to standing up?

A

decreased venous return

22
Q

what is a factor resulting in hypokalemia?

A

excess secretion of aldosterone

23
Q

an increase in what will result in a decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure?
arterial pressure
afferent arteriolar resistance
efferent arteriolar resistance

A

afferent resistance

24
Q 
what center acts to control the off switch point of the inspiratory ramp signal?
DRG
VRG
Pneumotaxic center
aortic body
A

Pneumotaxic center

25
Q 
ADH is formed in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, secreted by special neurons from where?
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
ant. pituitary
post. pituitary
A

post. pituitary

26
Q 
max urine conc. is 1200 mOsm/L, what represents the obligatory urine volume that must be excreted each day to get rid of metabolic waste products?
1
0.5
0.3
0
A

0.5 L/day

27
Q

ADH acts on which of the following regions of the nephron?

A

distal convoluted tubule

28
Q 
which of the following reflects the amount of urine that the kidneys can excrete per day when there is a large excess of water?
180
75
20
4 Liters
A

20 L

29
Q

which of the following reflects the max urine conc. that can be produced by the kidneys?

A

1200 - 1400

30
Q

because of paracellular diffusion of ions back into the tubule, what is the upper limit of conc. gradient created by countercurrent mechanism?

A

200
at the top of the loop of henle going into distal

countercurrent mechanism slide

31
Q

osmoreceptor cells are located where?

A

anterior part of the third ventricle

32
Q

which would not shift the O2-Hb curve right and down?

A

delta

33
Q

what percentage of CO2 is carried in blood as bicarbonate?

A

70%

34
Q

which respiratory control center is primarily responsible for establishing the ramp signal during normal breathing?

A

DRG

35
Q

what is the source of aldosterone?

A

adrenal cortex

36
Q

Mg and Ca are reabsorbed from tubular lumen thru which mechanism?

A

paracellular transport due to positive charge in tubular lumen

37
Q

shrinkage of osmoreceptor cells……..leading to release of what?

A

ADH

38
Q

chemoreceptor response to hypoxia or hypercapnia is to increase function. T/F?

A

TRUE

39
Q

most filtered electrolytes are reabsorbed in which part of kidney tubule?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

40
Q

the lower pH of tubular fluid brings operating range of the buffer closer to pK of which system?

A

bravo

41
Q

which of the following would not be true regarding the Haldane effect?

A

O2-Hb dissociation curve shifts right

42
Q

what must happen before filtered bicarbonate can be reabsorbed?

A

delta

must react w/ H+ to form carbonic acid

43
Q

which segment of nephron is not permeable to water?

A

ascending loop of henle in presence of ADH

Physiology Exam 3 (10 decks)

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