Practice Exam Flashcards
what effect does high sodium intake have on potassium secretion rate by kidneys?
has little effect
what would be the approximate volume of urine required to be excreted if all the excess H+ ions remained in free solution?
2700 L/day
if we weren’t able to buffer H+ ions and all had to be secreted
divide the numbers in the Q - 80/0.3 = 2700
which sensory endings in alveolar walls next to capillaries are sensitive to pulmonary edema?
J receptors
j = juxtaposition = means next to
what is the oxygen utilization coefficient at rest?
25%
what is the lowest pH that the normal kidneys can achieve ?
4.5
which factor decrease potassium uptake by cells? aldosterone metabolic acidosis insulin catecholamines
metabolic acidosis
H+ ATPase is first encountered in which part of renal tubule?
distal convoluted tubule
normally, how much H+ ions must be secreted each day in order to reabsorb 4320 mEq of filtered bicarbonate?
same number
4320 mEq of H+ ions
decreased concentrations of Ca ions in plasma would have direct effect on ?
increased release on PTH
normally, what is the transport maximum for glucose?
375 mg/min
which is a substance actively secreted into renal tubules? urea angiotensin II creatinine ADP
creatinine
which best describes capillary filtration coefficient?
- average diameters of glomerular capillaries
- mean of the capillary pressure w/in glomerulus
- product of permeability and filtering surface area of glomerular capillaries
product of permeability of filtering surface area of glomerular capillaries
which is a vasodilator that helps offset the effects of vasoconstrictors, especially on afferent arterioles? bradykinin endothelin angiotensin II norepinephrine
bradykinin
much of the oxygen consumed by the kidneys is related to ? high rate of glucose sodium potassium amino acid reabsorption
active sodium reabsorption
which is responsible for partially inhibiting micturition except when it is desired?
pudendal nerves
other answers are related to ANS
but desired urination = voluntary aka somatic innervation
w/o autoregulation a slight increase in blood pressure increases GFR up to 225 L/day, how much would this increase urine flow?
46.5 L/day
normal = 180 GFR
normal urine flow = 1.5 L/day
what is the partial pressure of oxygen in mmHg at the alveolar membrane if the percentage in O2 in the alveoli is 20%? 75 122 152 266
152
find 20% of total atm pressure in alveoli
using the flick principle for calculating cardiac output, the patient’s resting O2 consumption volume should be divided by what ?
difference between systemic arterial and systemic mixed venous blood
what is GFR if the urine conc. rate of substance is 125 mg/mL, flow rate is 2 mL/min, and plasma conc. of substance is 1 mg/mL?
250
renal clearance of inulin slide
what mechanism is responsible for moving glucose?
secondary active transport via Na/glucose cotransporter
what accounts for heart rate increase upon transitioning from lying to standing up?
decreased venous return
what is a factor resulting in hypokalemia?
excess secretion of aldosterone
an increase in what will result in a decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure?
arterial pressure
afferent arteriolar resistance
efferent arteriolar resistance
afferent resistance
what center acts to control the off switch point of the inspiratory ramp signal? DRG VRG Pneumotaxic center aortic body
Pneumotaxic center
ADH is formed in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, secreted by special neurons from where? adrenal cortex adrenal medulla ant. pituitary post. pituitary
post. pituitary
max urine conc. is 1200 mOsm/L, what represents the obligatory urine volume that must be excreted each day to get rid of metabolic waste products? 1 0.5 0.3 0
0.5 L/day
ADH acts on which of the following regions of the nephron?
distal convoluted tubule
which of the following reflects the amount of urine that the kidneys can excrete per day when there is a large excess of water? 180 75 20 4 Liters
20 L
which of the following reflects the max urine conc. that can be produced by the kidneys?
1200 - 1400
because of paracellular diffusion of ions back into the tubule, what is the upper limit of conc. gradient created by countercurrent mechanism?
200
at the top of the loop of henle going into distal
countercurrent mechanism slide
osmoreceptor cells are located where?
anterior part of the third ventricle
which would not shift the O2-Hb curve right and down?
delta
what percentage of CO2 is carried in blood as bicarbonate?
70%
which respiratory control center is primarily responsible for establishing the ramp signal during normal breathing?
DRG
what is the source of aldosterone?
adrenal cortex
Mg and Ca are reabsorbed from tubular lumen thru which mechanism?
paracellular transport due to positive charge in tubular lumen
shrinkage of osmoreceptor cells……..leading to release of what?
ADH
chemoreceptor response to hypoxia or hypercapnia is to increase function. T/F?
TRUE
most filtered electrolytes are reabsorbed in which part of kidney tubule?
proximal convoluted tubule
the lower pH of tubular fluid brings operating range of the buffer closer to pK of which system?
bravo
which of the following would not be true regarding the Haldane effect?
O2-Hb dissociation curve shifts right
what must happen before filtered bicarbonate can be reabsorbed?
delta
must react w/ H+ to form carbonic acid
which segment of nephron is not permeable to water?
ascending loop of henle in presence of ADH
