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Physiology Exam 3 > L18: Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion > Flashcards

L18: Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

paracellular routes run _____ cells, while transcellular goes ____ cells.

A

inbetween

thru

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2
Q

A-1

A

aquaporins that are widespread throughout renal tubules

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3
Q

A-2

A

aquaporins found on apical membranes of collecting tubule cells

controlled by ADH

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4
Q

A-3

A

found on basolateral membranes of collecting tubule cells

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5
Q

ENaC channel

A

apical membranes of nephron cells

closed by drug amiloride

opened by hormones

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6
Q

CFTR channels and K+ channels

A

apical membranes of portions of the nephron

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7
Q

Na-glucose ______ are found on brush border of ______ tubule cells

A

symporters

proximal tubule

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8
Q

SGLT2 vs. SGLT1

A

2 absorbs 90% of glucose in early proximal tubule

1 absorbs 10% of glucose in late proximal tubule

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9
Q

what is transport maximum

A

the limit to the rate at which the solute can be transported

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10
Q

what is the limiting factor that determines transport maximum

A

due to saturation of a specific transport system

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11
Q

what is threshold for glucose reabsorption

A

max = 375 mg/min

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12
Q

what is the filtered load of glucose

A

filtered load = 125

the point at which glucose first begins to be excreted in urine

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13
Q

rate of diffusion is determined by _______ _____ of the substance

A

electrochemical gradient

permeability of the membrane to the substance

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14
Q

define solvent drag

A

osmotic mvt of water can also carry some solutes w/ it

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15
Q

the proximal tubule is highly _____ and has extensive ?

A

metabolic - lots of mito

extensive brush borders
and intercell and basal channels

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16
Q

proximal tubule reabsorbs

A

65% of filtered Na, Cl, K, bicarbonate

all filtered glucose and amino acids

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17
Q

proximal tubule secretion

A

H+

organic acids and bases

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18
Q

Na reabsorption occurs in the _____ half of the proximal tubule via ?

A

first half
Na-glucose symporter

second half
Na/Cl symporter

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19
Q

how does bicarbonate enter a cell

A

it combines w/ H+ in lumen to = carbonic acid

carbonic anhydrase then splits the acid into CO2 and water

then can enter the cell

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20
Q

what happens when CO2 and water enter a cell

A

they recombine into carbonic acid

dissociate into bicarbonate and H+

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21
Q

what happens to intracell bicarbonate and H+

A

bicarbonate diffuses out basal domain

H+ is removed from cell via Na/H ATPase antiporters out apical domain into lumen

22
Q

describe permeability of the thin descending loop of henle

A

highly permeable to water

moderate permeability to urea and Na

reabsorbs 20% of filtered water

23
Q

the ascending loop of henle is impermeable to ?

A

water

24
Q

a slight back leak of K+ into lumen of the thick _______ loop of henle forces?

A

ascending loop

forces Mg and Ca to diffuse from lumen to interstitium via paracellular routes

25
Q

______ loop of henle is the site of action for powerful diuretics

A

thick ascending loop

26
Q

early distal tubule forms the

A

macula densa

27
Q

the late distal tubule is similar to the

A

thick ascending loop of henle

reabsorbing most ions but impermeable to water and urea

28
Q

what type of epithelium lines the medullary collecting duct

A

cuboidal cells

29
Q

describe permeability of the medullary collecting duct

A

permeable to water controlled by ADH

and urea via urea transporters

30
Q

the medullary collecting duct can secrete ___ against a high concentration gradient

A

H+

31
Q

medullary collecting duct reabsorbs ? secretes ?

A

absorb - Na, Cl, urea, bicarbonate
water in presence of ADH

secrete H+ into lumen

32
Q

location of principal cells

A

late distal/cortical collecting tubules

33
Q

principal cells reabsorb/secrete

A

reabsorb - Na and water

secrete K into lumen

using Na/K ATPase pumps

34
Q

intercalated cells

A

reabsorb K and bicarbonate

secrete H+ into lumn

35
Q

in intercalated cells for each H+ secreted

A

a bicarbonate is reabsorbed across the basolateral domains

36
Q

net pressure forcing into blood stream

A

10 mmhg

37
Q

net pressure forcing into interstitium

A

28 mmhg

38
Q

source of aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

39
Q

function of aldosterone

A

increase Na reabsorption

stimulate K secretion

via Na/K ATPase pumps on basolateral sides of cortical collecting tubules

40
Q

site of action for aldosterone

A

principal cells of cortical collecting ducts

41
Q

what stimulates the secretion of aldosterone

A

increased extracell k

increased levels of angiotensin II

42
Q

Addison’s disease

A

absence of aldosterone

results in marked loss of Na and accumulation of K extracell

43
Q

conn’s syndrome

A

hypersecretion of aldosterone

44
Q

function of angiotensin II

A

increase Na and water reabsorption

return bp and extracell volume to normal

45
Q

effects of angiotensin II

A

stimulate release of aldosterone

constrict efferent arterioles

46
Q

angiotensin II directly stimulates

A

Na reabsorption in proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting ducts

47
Q

source and function of ADH

A

posterior pituitary

increase water reabsorption

48
Q

source and function of ANP

A

cardiac atrial cells in response to distension

inhibit reabsorption of Na and water

49
Q

source and function of ANP

A

parathyroid glands

increase Ca reabsorption

50
Q

renal clearance =

A

volume of plasma that is completely cleared of the substance by the kidneys per unit time

Physiology Exam 3 (10 decks)

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