Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam 3 > L17: Micturation & Glomular Filtration > Flashcards

L17: Micturation & Glomular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

sensory signals from bladder stretch receptors are conducted ________ back to bladder via _______ nerves.

A

reflexively

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reflex contractions will ____ ________ when the bladder is half full

A

stop spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

as the bladder continues to fill micturition reflexes will ?

A

occur more often and more intense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

higher brain centers, in the _____, keep urination partially ________ until it is a desired event.

A

pons

partially inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when it is time urinate, what helps facilitates reflexes and relax external sphincters.

A

cortical centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do nephrons regulate arterial pressure long term

A

excrete variable amounts of Na and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do nephrons regulate arterial pressure short term

A

secrete hormones and vasoactive factors such as renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do nephrons regulate acid-base balance

A

by excreting acids to regulate body fluid buffer stores
and
eliminate wastes created by protein metabolism - urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the 3 processes done by nephrons that determine urine composition

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

urinary excretion rate =

A

filtration rate - reabsorption rate + secretion rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the major components of glomerular filtrate

A

water
ions
glucose
urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

filtration fraction =

A

GFR/renal plasma flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define filtration fraction

A

if it = 0.2

then means 20% of plasma flowing thru kidney is filtered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

low molecular weight substances are not freely filtered since ?

A

they are partially bound to proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 components of the filtration barrier

A

endothelium
basement membrane
podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

filtration barrier endothelium

A

have fenestrae and negative charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

filtration barrier BM

A

collagen
proteoglycan fibers
strong negative charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

filtration barrier podocytes

A

negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 factors that determine GFR

A
  1. balance of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces acting on capillary membranes
  2. capillary filtration coefficient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define capillary coefficient

A

= K1

the product of permeability and filtering surface area of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

normal GFR

A

125 mL/min
or
180 L/day

22
Q

diseases that lower glomerular capillary filtration coefficient

A

chronic uncontrolled hypertension

diabetes mellitus

23
Q

define minimal change nephropathy

A

loss of negative charges on the BM

24
Q

define hydronephrosis

A

distension and dilation of renal pelvis and calyses

25
Q

express GFR in starling forces

A

GFR = K1 x net filtration pressure

GFR = K1 x (60-18-32+0)

26
Q

relate K1 to GFR

A

K1 = GFR/net filtration pressure

27
Q

K1 is _____ related to GFR

A

directly

increase k1 = increased GFR
and vice versa

28
Q

2 factors that effect glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure

A

arterial plasma colloid osmotic pressure

filtration fraction

29
Q

what increases GCCOP

A

increasing filtration fraction

30
Q

3 variables that determine glomerular hydrostatic pressure

A

arterial pressure

afferent & efferent arteriole resistance

31
Q

kidney blood flow is ___ as much as brain flow, but has ___ the O2 consumption. what is this related to ?

A

7x, 2x

related to high rate of active Na absorption

32
Q

renal blood flow formula

A

(renal artery press. - renal vein press.) / total vascular resistance

33
Q

all BVs of kidneys are innervated by ?

A

sympathetic system

34
Q

strong action of _____ nerves to kidneys will result in ?

A
  • -constriction of renal arterioles

- -decreased renal blood flow and GFR

35
Q

moderate nervous stimulation has ____ effect on kidneys

A

little effect

36
Q

norepinephrine and epinephrine are from

A

the adrenal medulla

37
Q

angiotensin II control of GFR

A

constricts efferent arterioles which helps to increase GFR

38
Q

in what situations in angiotensin II used to control GFR

A

–when arterial pressure is decreased
or
–volume depletion

39
Q

why does angiotensin II only effect ______ arterioles?

A

efferent

afferent arterioles are protected against this due to release of vasodilators
prostaglandins, NO, bradykinin

40
Q

what is the source of endothelin

A

it is released by damaged vascular endothelial cells of kidneys

41
Q

how does endothelin help control GFR

A

helps w/ renal vasoconstriction to reduce GFR

42
Q

NO is derived from _____ cells, and helps ?

A

endothelial cells

helps maintain renal vasodilation

43
Q

prostaglandin and bradykinin are both _____. and work to offset the effects of ______ .

A

vasodilators
offset effects of angiotensin II

for the afferent arterioles

44
Q

define autoregulation

A

refers to the relative constancy of GFR and renal blood flow

45
Q

functions of autoregulation

A
  • -maintain constant GFR
  • -precise control of renal excretion of water and solutes
  • -prevent large changes in GFR and renal excretion
46
Q

what is the importance of autoregulation

A

w/o it a slight increase in bp could increase GFR up to 225 L/day

which would increase urination to 46.5 L/day

47
Q

what are the 2 components of autoregulation feedback mechanism

A

afferent and efferent arteriolar feedback

48
Q

the macula densa is found in the

A

distal tubule

49
Q

a decreased GFR will increase the reabsorption of what in the ascending limb and decrease what at macula densa?

A

Na and Cl

NaCl

50
Q

what is the major storage of renin

A

juxtaglomerular complex

Physiology Exam 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions