Practice 3 Flashcards
<p>Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
A. Pumping blood throughout the body to provide tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen.
b. Removing toxins and waste from the blood
c. Transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the restof the body.
d. Transporting important hormones released from glands to their sites of action.</p>
<p>C. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, and blood. It circulates materials throughout the entire body, providing tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen. It is also responsible for transporting hormones and removing waste. The nervous system is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses that originate in the brain and coordinate action in the rest of the body.</p>
<p>Which item below is NOT a disease of the digestive system?
a. Crohn’s disease.
b. Diabetes.
c. Ulcerative colitis.
d. Diverticulosis</p>
<p>B: The digestive system helps the body process food. The stomach, mouth, and esophagus all participate in food digestion. Common diseases infecting the digestive system include Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and diverticulosis. Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system, that impacts the release of insulin from the pancreas.</p>
<p>Which item below best describes the primary function of the nervous system?
a. The nervous system is the center of communication in the body.
b. The nervous system is primarily responsible for helping the body breathe.
c. The nervous system transports blood throughout the body.
d. The nervous system helps the body break down food</p>
<p>A: The nervous system is the body’s communication center. The body uses the respiratory system to breathe, and blood is transported by the circulatory system. The digestive system breaks down food for the body</p>
<p>Which of the following is NOT an element of the respiratory system?
a. Ribs.
b. Trachea.
c. Diaphragm
d. Alveoli.</p>
<p>A: The respiratory system uses the lungs, diaphragm, trachea, alveoli and bronchi to help the body distribute oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. While the ribs contain and protect many of these elements, the ribs are part of the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for providing structure, stability and protection to the internal organs</p>
<p>Which of the following cells is NOT part of the immune system?
a. Neurons.
b. Dendritic cells
c. Macrophages
d. Mast cells</p>
<p>A: The immune system helps protect the body from bacteria, viruses, infections, and other elements that could cause illness. Depending on the foreign element that enters the body, different cells respond to attack the foreign element. Cells that contribute to this protection and response include leukocytes, or white blood cells (eosinophils, basophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and mast cells), and phagocytic cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) in addition to cells of adaptive immunity (B cells and T cells) which are produced in the bone marrow. A neuron is a nerve cell that is central to the nervous system and transmits nerve impulses.</p>
<p>Which of the following is NOT one of the major types of bones in the human body?
a. Dense bone.
b. Long bone.
c. Short bone.
d. Irregular bone.</p>
<p>A: The human body has five types of bones: long bones, short bones, irregular bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. While bones may be dense, this is not a major category of bones in the body</p>
<p>Which of the following bone types is embedded in tendons?
a. Long bones.
b. Sesamoid bones.
c. Flat bones.
d. Vertical bones</p>
<p>B: Sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons. Vertical bones, is not a major bone type. Long bones contain a long shaft, and flat bones are thin and curved</p>
<p>Two nursing students will be completing a scientific experiment measuring the mass of chewed gum after one-minute chewing increments. Which lab equipment will the students most likely use?
a. Triple beam balance.
b. Anemometer.
c. Hot plate.
d. Microscope.</p>
<p>A: A triple beam balance would be used to measure the mass (in grams) of the gum in this experiment. An anemometer is used to measure wind speed. A hot plate is used to heat liquids. A microscope is used to magnify microscopic particles or organisms.</p>
<p>Which of the following is not a product of respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Water.
c. Oxygen.
d. ATP.</p>
<p>C: In respiration, the human inhales air, consisting of oxygen, and then produces energy (ATP) and exhales nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water (in the form of vapor). While oxygen is a main component of the respiratory system’s process, it is not produced by the respiratory system. Rather, it is utilized and distributed throughout the body, and then what is not absorbed, is exhaled back into the environment</p>
<p>Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is:
a. the aorta.
b. the vena cava.
c. the pulmonary artery
d. the capillaries</p>
<p>C: The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs, where CO2 is released and the supply of oxygen is replenished. This blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein, and is carried through the aorta and a series of branching arteries to the capillaries, where the bulk of gas exchange with the tissues occurs. Oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart through branching veins (the femoral veins bring it from the legs) into the vena cava, which carries it again to the heart. Since the pulmonary artery is the last step before replenishment of the blood’s oxygen content, it contains the blood which is the most oxygen depleted.</p>
<p>Which layer of the heart contains striated muscle fibers for contraction of the heart?
a. Pericardium.
b. Epicardium.
c. Endocardium.
d. Myocardium</p>
<p>D: The myocardium is the layer of the heart that contains the muscle fibers responsible for contraction (Hint: myo- is the prefix for muscle). The endocardium and epicardium are the inner and outer layers of the heart wall, respectively. The pericardium is the sac in which the heart sits inside the chest cavity</p>
<p>Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?
a. Pulmonary vein.
b. Pulmonary artery.
c. Aorta.
d. Superior vena cava</p>
<p>A: While generally speaking, veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood, in this case, the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The aorta, takes oxygenated away from the left side of the heart and distributes it throughout the body. The superior vena cava returns unoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart, to then be distributed through the lungs and reoxygenated</p>
<p>Mrs. Jones’s class conducted an experiment on the effects of sugar and artificial sweetener on the cookie recipe’s overall color when baked. What would be the independent variable in the cookie experiment?
a. The students should use the same ingredients in both recipes, but bake the cookies with sugar at 450 degrees and those with artificial sweetener at 475 degrees. They should increase the baking time on the artificial sweetener cookies, since the package instructs them to do so.
b. The students should use the same ingredients in both recipes, but increase the baking time on the artificial sweetener cookies, since the package instructs them to do so.
c. The students should use the same ingredients, same baking temperatures, and same baking times for both recipes.
d. The students should use the same ingredients and baking times in both recipes, but bake the cookies with sugar at 450 degrees and the artificial sweetener cookies at 475 degrees.</p>
<p>C: The independent variable is the variable that is changed in the experiment in order to determine its effect on the dependent variable or the outcome of the experiment. The dependent variable results from the experimenter making only one change to an experiment that can be repeated with the same results. Mrs. Jones’s class was comparing the effects of sugar and artificial sweetener on the overall color of cookies once they are baked; thus, the one thing that should be changed in the experiment is the sugar and artificial sweetener in the recipe. All of the other ingredients stay the same. For the experiment to be valid and not influenced by any other variables, the students should keep the temperature and baking time the same, as these could affect the color of the cookies as well.</p>
<p>Which part of the cell is often called the cell “power house” because it provides energy for cellular functions?
a. Nucleus.
b. Cell membrane
c. Mitochondria
d. Cytoplasm</p>
<p>C: Mitochondria are often called the power house of the cell because they provide energy for the cell to function. The nucleus is the control center for the cell. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and separates the cell from its environment. Cytoplasm is the thick fluid within the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles</p>
<p>What function do ribosomes serve within the cell?
a. Ribosomes are responsible for cell movement.
b. Ribosomes aid in protein synthesis.
c. Ribosomes help protect the cell from its environment.
d. Ribosomes have enzymes that help with digestion.</p>
<p>B: Ribosomes are organelles that help synthesize proteins within the cell. Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement. The cell membrane helps the cell maintain its shape and protects it from the environment. Lysosomes have digestive enzymes</p>
<p>What is the most likely reason that cells differentiate?
a. Cells differentiate to avoid looking like all the cells around them.
b. Cells differentiate so that simple, non-specialized cells can become highly specialized cells.
c. Cells differentiate so that multicellular organisms will remain the same size.
d. Cells differentiate for no apparent reason</p>
<p>B: Cells differentiate so that simple, less specialized cells can become highly specialized cells. For example, humans are multicellular organisms who undergo cell differentiation numerous times. Cells begin as simple zygotes after fertilization and then differentiate to form a myriad of complex tissues and systems before birth</p>
<p>How is meiosis similar to mitosis?
a. Both produce daughter cells that are genetically identical.
b. Both produce daughter cells that are genetically different.
c. Both occur in humans, animals, and plants.
d. Both occur asexually</p>
<p>C: Both meiosis and mitosis occur in humans, animals, and plants. Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical, and meiosis produces cells that are genetically different. Only mitosis occurs asexually.</p>
<p>In the suburban neighborhood of Northwoods, there have been large populations of deer, and residents have complained about them eating flowers and garden plants. What would be a logical explanation, based on observations, for the large increase in the deer population over the last two seasons?
a. Increased quantity of food sources in surrounding areas.
b. Decreased population of a natural predator in Northwoods.
c. Deer migration from surrounding areas.
d. Increase in hunting licenses sold.</p>
<p>B: A decrease in a natural predator, such as a wolves, coyotes, bobcat, or wild dogs, would allow the population to become out of control. In a population of deer that has increased, there would be a natural decrease in a food source for the nutritional needs for the animals in surrounding areas. Although deer have been known to share a human’s developed habitat, it is often forced by reduced territory and food sources. An increase in hunting licenses would be used by local officials to try to control the population, helping to decrease the number of adults of breeding age.</p>
<p>How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome?
a. DNA carries genetic information from RNA to the cell cytoplasm.
b. RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm.
c. DNA and RNA carry genetic information from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm.
d. DNA and RNA do not interact within the cel.</p>
<p>B: DNA is the primary carrier of genetic information in most cells. RNA serves as a messenger that transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell</p>
<p>The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the:
a. mouth.
b. stomach.
c. small intestine.
d. large intestine</p>
<p>C: Food enters the digestive system through the mouth and proceeds down to the stomach after mastication by the teeth. Once in the stomach, enzymes are secreted that begin to digest the specific substances in the food (proteins, carbohydrates, etc.). Next, the food passes through to the small intestine where the nutrients are absorbed and then into the large intestine where extra water is absorbed.</p>
