Practically describing inflammation

Question 1

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 1

-heat (hyperemia)
-redness (hyperemia)
-pain (bradykinin and PGE2)
-Swelling (edema)
-loss of function

Question 2

Inflammation

Answer 2

-only occurs in living tissue
-brings humoral and cellular defenses to site of injury
-attempts to minimize risk of injury o healthy tissues but can be harmful
-avoid wasteful dilution of these resources

Question 3

Severity of inflammation

Answer 3

1.minimal (visible histologically)
2. Mild (hyperemia and some edema, but not really tissue damage yet)
3.Moderate (inflammation and obvious tissue destruction)
4. Severe (life threatening or compromising organ function)

Question 4

Moderate bronchopneumonia

Answer 4

-inflammation from pneumonia
- edema with wide interlobular septa present
**moderate

Question 5

Severe bronchopneumonia

Answer 5

-fibrin, firm, worse so will be considered severe

Question 6

Duration of inflammation

Answer 6

1.Peracute (a few hours after stimulus, takes time for inflammatory cells to get there; edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage)
2.Acute (a few hours to a few days; swelling, hemorrhage, hyperemia, exudate of fibrin and neutrophils)
3.Subacute (hyperemia is less prominent, change in inflammatory cell type from just neutrophils to some macrophages)
4.chronic (fibrosis tissue repair, inflammatory cells include macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

Question 7

Peracute diffuse pulmonary edema

Answer 7

-wide interlobular septa
-congestion
-edema

Question 8

Aging edema

Answer 8

-difficult to age

Question 9

Acute parvovirus

Answer 9

-bright red section of intestines
-acute enteritis (mostly seeing hyperemia)

Question 10

Fibrinogen

Answer 10

-needed for blot clots
-when activated results in fibrin leaking out and forming long chains
-white when smaller amounts, and when mixed with inflammatory cells it will be more yellow

Question 11

Acute moderate fibrinous peritonitis

Answer 11

-fibrin polymers are not cross linked to each other yet

Question 12

Fibrous peritoneal adhesions

Answer 12

-fibrin becomes fibrous adhesion when chronic. Cannot pull this apart but would be able to when just fibrin

Question 13

Multifocal chronic renal fibrosis

Answer 13

-cat kidney
-white, sunken lesions
-chronic inflammation and fibrosis
**difficult to go back in time and determine what exactly caused this because body only has so many ways to describe this

Question 14

Distribution of inflammation

Answer 14

-focal
-multifocal
-locally extensive
-diffuse

Question 15

Disseminated renal petechiation

Answer 15

-Petechial hemorrhages- many tiny hemorrhages

Question 16

Disseminated

Answer 16

-meaning tiny little areas spread out

Question 17

Chronic-active

Answer 17

-term used with things like hepatitis
-redundant term because chronic does mean that it is ongoing inflammation

Question 18

Hardware disease

Answer 18

-ruminants pick up hardware which can end up in rumen and can result in allowing bacteria to reach pericarditis
-results in diffuse chronic pericarditis (thickening of pericardial sac)

Question 19

Serous exudate

Answer 19

-transparent, yellow, not coagulated, thin fluid
-usually on serosal surfaces
-derived from plasma or mesothelium
Ex. low protein exudate in a blister

Question 20

Fibrinous exudate

Answer 20

-results from extravasation of fibrinogen and formation of fibrin in tissue and cavities
-appears as ground glass (shower door blurred appearance)

Question 21

Fibrinous polyserositis

Answer 21

-Acute fibrin layer
-polyserositis (inflammation on serous of more than one organ/joint)

Question 22

White wide interlobular septa

Answer 22

-when white instead of clear, means that they have a lot of fibrin present

Question 23

Fibrinonecrotic rhinitis

Answer 23

-combination of necrotic tissue and fibrin that is occurring with the nasal cavity

Question 24

Fibrinonecrotic

Answer 24

-both necrotic tissue and fibrin

Question 25

Fibrinous exudate peeling apart?

Answer 25

-easily peeled apart= acute
-difficult to peel an dolder than 4 days= sub acute to chronic

Question 26

Chronic fibrinous pericarditis

Answer 26

-can occur by hardware disease
-originally fibrin that has been converted to fibrous tissue over time

Question 27

Suppurative or purulent exudate

Answer 27

-Pus consisting of neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid
-opaque, thick, creamy fluid caused by bacteria
-liquefactive necrosis is same thing
-pus is liquid and settles by gravity within cavities

Question 28

Abscess resolution

Answer 28

-localized accumulation of pus surrounded by fibrous wall
-fibrous wall prevents the spread of the infection caused by bacteria
-neutrophils gain control over infection and kill bacteria
-debris is cleaned
-abscess is organized

Question 29

Caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 29

-actually an example of an abscess

Question 30

Types of inflammation

Answer 30

1. Pus
2. Granulomatous inflammation
3. Hemorrhagic inflammation
4. Emphysematous (present of gas in tissue)
5. Mucoid/catarrhal inflammation (on mucous membranes)

Question 31

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 31

-formed from Mycobacterial, fungal, foreign body
-caused by caseous necrosis and the macrophages that come
-surrounded by lymphocytes plasma cells and fibroblasts
-chronic

Question 32

Blastomyces

Answer 32

-soil borne infection
- common in hunting dogs

Question 33

Blasto

Answer 33

-appear as a snowman in histo for granulomas

Question 34

Morphologic diagnosis

Answer 34

-need location and process
-can include severity, duration, distribution, exudate, other