Oncology 2

Question 1

Neoplasia

Answer 1

-new growth=neoplasm
-growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue
-does not remove if stimulus is removed

Question 2

Tumour

Answer 2

-swelling or mass
-may not always refer to neoplasm

Question 3

Benign

Answer 3

-tumour does not metastasize and removal is curative

Question 4

Malignant

Answer 4

-having anaplasia, invasion, and metastasis
>can also see tumour cells infiltrate blood vessels which means they can travel and invade elsewhere
-tends to become progressively worse and leads to death

Question 5

Anaplasia

Answer 5

-failure of differentiation
>morphological occurrence is different than would expect. Daughter cells no longer look like original cell.

Question 6

Cancer

Answer 6

-only refers to malignant tumours
-often best to say malignant neoplasm to clients instead of cancer

Question 7

Tumour characteristics

Answer 7

-growth
-mode of tumour growth
-differentiation
-mitotic rate
-local invasion
-metastasis

Question 8

Invasive growth

Answer 8

-seen in malignant tumours
-tumour will send tentacle extensions out into surrounding tissues

Question 9

Expansile growth

Answer 9

-seen in benign tumours
-expand by adding layers upon layers… “blowing up a balloon”
>will apply pressure to surrounding tissue

Question 10

Growth rate benign vs malignant

Answer 10

-Benign: slow Malignant: fast

Question 11

Mode of growth benign

Answer 11

-expansion, well demarcated
**expansile growth

Question 12

Mode of growth malignant

Answer 12

-expansive, infiltrative, poorly demarcated
**invasive growth

Question 13

Differentiation benign vs. malignant

Answer 13

-Benign: well differentiation
- Malignant: often poorly differentiated

Question 14

Mitotic rate of benign vs. malignant

Answer 14

Benign: low, normal figures
Malignant: high, abnormal figures

Question 15

Local invasion benign vs. malignant

Answer 15

Benign: absent
Malignant: present

Question 16

Metastasis benign vs. malignant

Answer 16

Benign: never
Malignant: occasionally

Question 17

Malignant tumour characteristics

Answer 17

-inducing angiogenesis
-avoiding immune system
-Others

Question 18

Tumour types

Answer 18

-Epithelial tumours
-Mesenchymal tumours

Question 19

Naming epithelial tumours

Answer 19

-based on tissue of origin
>Adenoma= benign (ex. salivary gland adenoma)
>Carcinoma= malignant (ex. salivary gland carcinoma)
>if add “adeno” to carcinoma= forming glandular structures

Question 20

Epithelial tissues

Answer 20

-skin
-alimentary tract
-respiratory
-urinary
-reproductive
- gland linings (prostate, thyroid, bile duct)
-liver
-kidney
-testicle
-ovary

Question 21

Papillomas

Answer 21

-outward growing benign tumours of epithelial surfaces
**if many of them= probably viral in origin

Question 22

Melanocytic tumours

Answer 22

-Benign: benign melanoma
-Malignant: Malignant melanoma

Question 23

Naming mesenchymal tissues

Answer 23

-Add oma= benign
-Add sarcoma= malignant

Question 24

Mesenchymal tissues

Answer 24

-connective tissue
-cartilage
-bone
-hematopoietic cells
-endothelium
-muscle
**Exceptions: nervous system, lymphoid tissues because they don’t have benign forms

Question 25

Lymphoid tumours

Answer 25

-called lymphocarcoma or lymphoma
-always malignant

Question 26

Osteochondroma

Answer 26

-benign
-in bone and cartilage

Question 27

Hemangioma

Answer 27

-benign
-blood vessels

Question 28

Tumour of smooth muscle

Answer 28

-leiomyoma

Question 29

Tumour of skeletal muscle

Answer 29

-Rhabdomyoma

Question 30

Naming mixed tumours

Answer 30

-multiple cell types
1.Teratomas- germ cell origin; tissue with multiple embryonic cell layers
2.mixed mammary tumours- neoplastic epithelial component; reactive mesenchymal element component (fibrous connective tissue)

Question 31

Collision tumours

Answer 31

-two or more tumours abutting one another
-commonly seen in cryptorchid testicles

Question 32

Carcinosarcomas

Answer 32

-malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tissue tumours

Question 33

Endophytic

Answer 33

-tumour grows from a surface down/in

Question 34

Exophytic

Answer 34

-tumour grows from a surface up/out

Question 35

Pedunculated (polyploid)

Answer 35

-growing from a stalk out

Question 36

Pseudocapsule

Answer 36

-tumour is growing, tissue around it becomes more and more compressed making it appear as a capsule
>problem because appears to be well demarcated and assume benign but then tumour reoccurs because malignant tumours can grow this way with small extensions branching out. Reason why you take away tumour with margins… in hope to remove these branches

Question 37

Scirrhous OR desmoplasia

Answer 37

-reaction that a body has to a tumour
>fibrous tissue forming around the outside of carcinomas making the tumour firm
**means that a lot of the time, most of the tumour mass is desmoplasia and not the tumour itself

Question 38

Umbilicated

Answer 38

-looks like a belly button
>rim that is raised (still alive), center that is slightly depressed (necrosis)
**commonly associated with carcinomas (malignant epithelial tumour

Question 39

Vegetative

Answer 39

-used to describe tumour growth
>lumpy, bumpy tumour growth

Question 40

Tumour morphological diagnoses

Answer 40

-Name of tumour
-Anatomic location
-Presence of metastasis and their locations

Question 41

Right atrial Hemangiosarcomas

Answer 41

-tumours on the right side of heart almost always this diagnosis
**common