Practical Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Label the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramen.
A
2
Q
Label where the lines are pointing
A
3
Q
What is being landmarked here?
A
Inferior orbital fissue
4
Q
What is this?
A
Stylomastoid foramen
5
Q
Label this
A
6
Q
What is the arrow pointing at?
A
Foramen magnum
7
Q
Label
A
8
Q
What is highlighted in green?
A
Central sulcus
9
Q
What is highlighted in green?
A
Insula
10
Q
What is in purple?
A
Longitudinal fissure
11
Q
What is in red?
A
Lateral fissure
12
Q
What is the arrow pointing at in red?
A
Transverse fissure
13
Q
What is in green?
A
Parieto-occipital sulcus
14
Q
What is in pink?
A
Calcarine sulcus
15
Q
What is being pointed at?
A
Corpus callosum
16
Q
What is in green?
A
Corpus callosum
17
Q
Where is the olfactory tract?
A
18
Q
Label yellow, blue, and green
A
19
Q
Label
A
20
Q
What is highlighted in red?
A
Optic chiasm
21
Q
What is this pointing at?
A
Cerebral peduncles
22
Q
What is being pointed at?
A
23
Q
Label this
A
24
Q
What makes up the corpora quadrigemina?
A
Superior and inferior colliculi
25
What is being pointed at?
26
What is being pointed at?
27
What is being shown in green?
Cerebellar peduncles
28
What are the arrows pointing to?
Cerebellar peduncles
29
Label
30
Label
31
Label
32
What is in purple?
Choroid plexus
33
Label this image
34
Label
35
Label
36
What is being landmarked?
Confluence of sinuses
37
Label
38
Label
39
Label
40
Label the three white lines
41
What is being shown in yellow? What is right next to it?
Yellow are dorsal roots. We can also see the ganglia (bulges) right next to it.
42
Where are ventral roots located?
They look the same as dorsal roots but they are anteriorly located.
43
Label:
-gray matter
-ventral (anterior) horn
-dorsal (posterior) horn
-ventral roots
-dorsal roots
-dorsal root ganglia
-central canal
-white matter
44
What structure is found in the ventricles?
Choroid plexus
45
What does corpora quadrigemina stand for?
Quadruplet bodies (two superior and two inferior colliculi)
46
Where does CN I (Olfactory Nerve) pass through?
Olfactory foramina of cribriform plate
47
Where does CN II (Optic Nerve) pass through?
Optic foramen to optic chiasm
48
Where does CN III (Oculomotor Nerve) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
49
Where does CN IV (Trochlear Nerve) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
50
Where does CN V (Trigeminal Nerve) DIVISION 1 pass through?
Ophthalmic division through superior orbital fissure
51
Where does CN V (Trigeminal Nerve) DIVISION 2 pass through?
Maxillary division passes through foramen rotundum
52
Where does CN V (Trigeminal Nerve) DIVISION 3 pass through?
Mandibular division passes through foramen oval
53
Where does CN VI (Abducens Nerve) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
54
Where does CN VII (Facial Nerve) pass through?
Passes through internal acoustic meatus and then stylomastoid foramen
55
Where does CN VII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve) pass through?
Passes through internal acoustic meatus
56
Where does CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) pass through?
Passes through jugular foramen
57
Where does CN X (Vagus Nerve) pass through?
Jugular foramen
58
Where does CN XI (Accessory Nerve) pass through?
Jugular foramen
59
Where does CN XII (Hypoglossal Nerve) pass through?
Hypoglossal canal
60
What is wrapped around individual axons and looks like a bunch of eyeballs?
Endoneurium
61
What is wrapped around a single fascicle?
Perineurium
62
What is wrapped around several grouped fascicles?
Epineurium
63
What nerve innervates the diaphragm? Does it come from the base of the skull?
What nerve innervates the heart?
Phrenic nerves innervate the diaphragm. They do NOT come from the base of the skull.
Vagus nerve innervates the heart.
64
Generally, for phrenic nerves, what is the order in which we will see veins, arteries, and nerves?
From top-down when shown, it will be veins, arteries, then nerves.
65
Which are we better able to tug and visualize: deep fibular nerve or superficial fibular nerve?
Superficial fibular nerve
66
Where does the sciatic nerve originate? Where does it travel?
Emerges from the inferior border of the piriformis muscle. Travels down the posterior thigh towards the leg.
67
What does the sciatic nerve give rise to?
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve (superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve).
68
What does the femoral nerve pass under?
Inguinal ligament
69
Where does the femoral nerve originate?
Look at the area lateral to the psoas muscles.
70
What do we need to look at to differentiate between superior and inferior gluteal muscles? Explain where each will be found.
Find the piriformis muscle.
Superior gluteal muscles will be above the piriformis.
Inferior gluteal muscles will be below the piriformis.
71
Where can we find the obturator nerve? What is the landmark muscle to look for?
Medial thigh. Look for the adductor brevis muscle.
72
Where are the anterior and posterior obturator nerves located?
Anterior obturator nerve is located above the adductor brevis.
Posterior obturator nerve is located below the adductor brevis.
73
What letter do the medial and lateral cord?
Look for the 'M'.
74
What are the cords of the brachial plexus named based on?
Based on their position relative to the axillary/brachial artery.
75
What is the most lateral nerve in the brachial plexus? What cord does this come off of?
Musculocutaneous nerve which comes off of the lateral cord.
76
What is the most medial nerve in the brachial plexus? What cord does this come off of?
Ulnar nerve which comes off of the medial cord.
77
What nerve is contributed to by lateral and medial cord?
Median nerve
78
What nerve goes directly into the armpit? What cord does this come off of?
Axillary nerve, which comes off of the posterior cord
79
What nerve goes further than the axillary nerve that comes off of the posterior cord? How is it different than the axillary nerve appearance-wise?
Radial nerve. It appears as longer & thicker.
80
Where can we find CN V1 exiting the skull?
Supraorbital foramen
81
Where can we find CN V2 exiting the skull?
Infraorbital foramen
82
When can we find CN V3 exiting the skull?
Mental foramen
83
What pierces the posterior eyeball?
Optic nerve
84
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
The Zebra Broke My Car
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandible, Cervical
85
How can we differentiate the vagus nerve from the phrenic nerve?
Vagus nerve is coming from the base of the skull and has a superior origin compared to the phrenic nerve.
86
What is being pulled at in this image?
Phrenic nerve
87
What is being shown in yellow and green?
Intercostal nerves
88
Where would we find intercostal nerves?
Look between the ribs.
89
What is being shown in yellow?
Femoral nerve
90
What is being shown in green?
Sciatic nerve
91
Label
92
Explain where the superior and inferior gluteal nerves are.
93
What is colored in red?
Abdominal aorta
94
What side of the body is the Azygos vein on?
Right side at back of chest
95
Describe the location of the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein.
Runs on the upper left side of your spine and drains down into the Azygos vein.
96
Describe the location of the Hemiazygos vein.
Runs in the lower thoracic region on the left side of the spine.
97
Label
Left is Azygos vein, top right is Accessory Hemiazygos vein, and bottom right is Hemiazygos vein.
98
What is being highlighted in red?
Arch of Azygos
99
What is in purple?
Arch of azygos
99
What is shown in green?
Azygos vein
99
What nerve is located above adductor brevis?
Anterior obturator nerve
100
What nerve is located beneath adductor brevis?
Posterior obturator nerve
101
What nerve is located above the piriformis muscle?
Superior gluteal nerve
102
What nerve is located below the piriformis muscle?
Inferior gluteal nerve
103
What nerve originates lateral to the psoas muscle?
Femoral nerve
104
What is the more medial branch that comes off of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve
105
Where does the sciatic nerve emerge from?
Posterior at the inferior border of the piriformis muscle
106
Describe the location of the sympathetic chain.
Lines the sides of the spinal cord and extends superiorly into the neck and inferiorly into the pelvis.
107
What are located along the sympathetic chain? Where along the chain are they?
Sympathetic ganglia, which are located between the ribs
108
What comes off of the sympathetic chain and is able to be pulled away a little further than the chain?
Splanchnic nerves
109
What connects the pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta?
Ligamentum arteriosum
110
What is the pericardial sac?
Surrounds the heart and is filled with serous fluid.
111
Describe parietal pericardium.
Lines the inside of the pericardial sac.
112
Describe visceral pericardium.
Lines the surface of the heart, touching the heart directly.
113
What makes up the anterior region of the heart?
Right ventricle
114
What makes up most of the posterior/inferior surface of the heart?
Left ventricle
115
What is an extension of the right atrium?
Right atrial appendage
116
What is an extension of the left atrium?
Left atrial appendage
117
What makes up the superior region of the heart?
Left atrium
118
What makes up the right margin of the heart?
Right atrium
119
What is highlighted in green?
Apex of the heart
120
Label the arrows.
121
What is being pointed at?
Pulmonary trunk
122
What is the pericardium made up of?
Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
123
What makes up the serous pericardium?
Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
124
What sits between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium?
Pericardial fluid
125
