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PSIO201 > Practical 4 > Flashcards

Practical 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Location and function of Meissners Coruscles

A

Dermal papillae of hairless skin

Touch and pressure

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2
Q

Location and function of the hair root plexus

A

Surrounds hair follicles

Touching hair

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3
Q

Location and function of pacinian corpuscles

A

Subcutaneous tissue, joints, tendons, muscles

Touch and pressure

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4
Q

Location and function of merkels discs

A

Merkel cells in stratum basale layer of epidermis

Touch and pressure

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5
Q

Location and function of Ruffinins corpuscles

A

Dermis, ligaments, and tendons

Stretching digits and limbs

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6
Q

Location and function of muscles spindles

A

Skeletal muscles

Changes in muscle lengths

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7
Q

Location and function of tendon organs

A

Junction of tendons and muscles

Responds to changes in joint position

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8
Q

Location and function of warm receptors

A

Dermis

Thermoreceptor between 32 and 48 c

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9
Q

Cold receptors

A

Stratum basale of epidermis

Thermoreceptor

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10
Q

Location and function of nociceptors

A

Every body tissue

Pain receptor

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11
Q

What is the CT that surrounds the whole nerve?

A

Epineurium

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12
Q

What is the CT that surrounds each fascicle?

A

Perineurium

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13
Q

What CT covers myelinated and unmyelinated axons?

A

Endoneurium

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14
Q

Plexus

A

Spinal nerves form a braided network of nerves

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15
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

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16
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

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17
Q

What muscles do the radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps brachii

Brachioradialis

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18
Q

What muscles do the median nerve innervate?

A

Palmaris longus

Pronator teres

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19
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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20
Q

What nerves originate from the brachial plexus

A 
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar
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21
Q

What nerves originate from the lumbar plexus

A

Femoral

Obturator

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22
Q

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

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23
Q

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

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24
Q

What nerves originate from the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic
Tibial
Common fibular

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25
Q

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

Biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

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26
Q

What muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

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27
Q

What muscles do the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Fibularis longus

Tibialis anterior

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28
Q

Reflex

A

rapid, involuntary motor response from an environmental stimuli

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29
Q

If we are unaware of a reflex it is most likely…

A

autonomic

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30
Q

Cranial reflex

A

reflex is integrated at the level of the brain via the cranial nerves

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31
Q

spinal reflex

A

reflex is integrated at the level of the spinal cord via the spinal nerves

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32
Q

Monosynaptic reflec

A

Direct communication between the sensory and motor neuron

33
Q

polysynaptic reflex

A

Interneuron facilitates sensory-motor communication

34
Q

What cell maintains an environment around neurons, keeps neurons in place, and forms the blood-brain barrier?

A

astrocytes

35
Q

Which cells forms a myelin sheath around axons in the CNS with its many processes.

A

Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

Which cell engulfs invading microbes, debris, and necrotic tissue?

A

microglia

37
Q

What cell forms and circulates CSF

A

ependymal

38
Q

What cell lines the 4 ventricles of the brain and the central canal

A

ependymal

39
Q

Which cell supports PNS neurons and regulates their chemical environments?

A

satellite

40
Q

What cells cover sensory neuron cell bodies?

A

satellite

41
Q

Which cell forms a myelin sheath on axons in the PNS

A

schwann

42
Q

Which cell creates ONE section of myelin sheath by wrapping around itself?

A

Schwann

43
Q

What changes with the myelination of an axon?

A

The speed of transmission

44
Q

White matter consists of primarily…

A

myelinated axons

45
Q

Gray matter primarily consists of nervous tissue with …

A

little of no myelination

46
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular control

Reflexes involving coughing , vomiting, and sneezing

47
Q

Pons

A

Relays information to diencephalon.

Respiratory centers aid the medulla oblongata

48
Q

Midbrain

A 
Vision
Hearing
Motor control
Sleep
Arousal
Temperature
49
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Reflex centers involved in visual stimuli (sensory tract)

50
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Reflex centers involved in auditory stimuli resulting in head and trunk movements (motor tract)

51
Q

The pair of superior and inferior colliculi together are referred to as…

A

the corpora quadrigemina

52
Q

The two cerebellar hemispheres are joined together by an area called the…

A

vermis

53
Q

The cerebellar cortex consists of gray matter in folds called…

A

folia

54
Q

Tracts of white matter in the cerebellum

A

arbor vitae

55
Q

Functions of the thalamus

A

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
Motor functions
Maintenance of consciousness, emotion, learning, and memory

56
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A
57
Q

what cranial nerve is related to smell?

A

I olfactory

58
Q

what cranial nerve is connected to sight

A

II optic

59
Q

what cranial nerve moves the eye and pupil?

A

III oculomotor

60
Q

What two cranial nerves move the eye

A

IV trochlear

VI abducens

61
Q

what cranial nerve is related to face sensation?

A

V trigeminal

62
Q

What cranial nerve moves the face and salivates?

A

VII facial

63
Q

What cranial nerve is related to hearing and balance?

A

VIII vestibulocochlear

64
Q

Which cranial nerve is related to taste and swallow?

A

IX glossopharyngeal

65
Q

Which cranial nerve is related to heart rate and digestion?

A

X vagus

66
Q

What cranial nerve moves the head?

A

XI accessory

67
Q

what cranial nerve moves the tongue?

A

XII hypoglossal

68
Q

What is a test that can be done on visual acuity?

A

Snellen eye chart

69
Q

Refractive errors

A

vision problems where the eye cannot focus light on the retina properly causing blurry vision

70
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness

eyeball is too long

71
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

eyeball is too short

72
Q

Astigmatism

A

irregular shape of cornea

73
Q

what is a type of refractive error

A

astigmatism

74
Q

Conduction deafness

A

decreased ability to conduct energy of sound waves through the ear

75
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

damage to hearing receptors, cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, or neural pathways to the auditory cortex

76
Q

two causes of conduction deafness

A

infection

earwax build up

77
Q

two causes of sensorineural deafness

A

auditory nerve damage

aging

78
Q

The weber test determines…

A

unilateral deafness

79
Q

The rinne test determines

A

conduction deafness

PSIO201 (6 decks)

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