Practical 4 Flashcards
Location and function of Meissners Coruscles
Dermal papillae of hairless skin
Touch and pressure
Location and function of the hair root plexus
Surrounds hair follicles
Touching hair
Location and function of pacinian corpuscles
Subcutaneous tissue, joints, tendons, muscles
Touch and pressure
Location and function of merkels discs
Merkel cells in stratum basale layer of epidermis
Touch and pressure
Location and function of Ruffinins corpuscles
Dermis, ligaments, and tendons
Stretching digits and limbs
Location and function of muscles spindles
Skeletal muscles
Changes in muscle lengths
Location and function of tendon organs
Junction of tendons and muscles
Responds to changes in joint position
Location and function of warm receptors
Dermis
Thermoreceptor between 32 and 48 c
Cold receptors
Stratum basale of epidermis
Thermoreceptor
Location and function of nociceptors
Every body tissue
Pain receptor
What is the CT that surrounds the whole nerve?
Epineurium
What is the CT that surrounds each fascicle?
Perineurium
What CT covers myelinated and unmyelinated axons?
Endoneurium
Plexus
Spinal nerves form a braided network of nerves
What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
Deltoid
Teres minor
What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
What muscles do the radial nerve innervate?
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
What muscles do the median nerve innervate?
Palmaris longus
Pronator teres
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
What nerves originate from the brachial plexus
Axillary Musculocutaneous Radial Median Ulnar
What nerves originate from the lumbar plexus
Femoral
Obturator
What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
What nerves originate from the sacral plexus?
Sciatic
Tibial
Common fibular
What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate?
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
What muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
What muscles do the common fibular nerve innervate?
Fibularis longus
Tibialis anterior
Reflex
rapid, involuntary motor response from an environmental stimuli
If we are unaware of a reflex it is most likely…
autonomic
Cranial reflex
reflex is integrated at the level of the brain via the cranial nerves
spinal reflex
reflex is integrated at the level of the spinal cord via the spinal nerves
Monosynaptic reflec
Direct communication between the sensory and motor neuron
polysynaptic reflex
Interneuron facilitates sensory-motor communication
What cell maintains an environment around neurons, keeps neurons in place, and forms the blood-brain barrier?
astrocytes
Which cells forms a myelin sheath around axons in the CNS with its many processes.
Oligodendrocytes
Which cell engulfs invading microbes, debris, and necrotic tissue?
microglia
What cell forms and circulates CSF
ependymal
What cell lines the 4 ventricles of the brain and the central canal
ependymal
Which cell supports PNS neurons and regulates their chemical environments?
satellite
What cells cover sensory neuron cell bodies?
satellite
Which cell forms a myelin sheath on axons in the PNS
schwann
Which cell creates ONE section of myelin sheath by wrapping around itself?
Schwann
What changes with the myelination of an axon?
The speed of transmission
White matter consists of primarily…
myelinated axons
Gray matter primarily consists of nervous tissue with …
little of no myelination
Medulla oblongata
Respiratory and cardiovascular control
Reflexes involving coughing , vomiting, and sneezing
Pons
Relays information to diencephalon.
Respiratory centers aid the medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Vision Hearing Motor control Sleep Arousal Temperature
Superior colliculi
Reflex centers involved in visual stimuli (sensory tract)
Inferior colliculi
Reflex centers involved in auditory stimuli resulting in head and trunk movements (motor tract)
The pair of superior and inferior colliculi together are referred to as…
the corpora quadrigemina
The two cerebellar hemispheres are joined together by an area called the…
vermis
The cerebellar cortex consists of gray matter in folds called…
folia
Tracts of white matter in the cerebellum
arbor vitae
Functions of the thalamus
Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
Motor functions
Maintenance of consciousness, emotion, learning, and memory
Functions of the hypothalamus
what cranial nerve is related to smell?
I olfactory
what cranial nerve is connected to sight
II optic
what cranial nerve moves the eye and pupil?
III oculomotor
What two cranial nerves move the eye
IV trochlear
VI abducens
what cranial nerve is related to face sensation?
V trigeminal
What cranial nerve moves the face and salivates?
VII facial
What cranial nerve is related to hearing and balance?
VIII vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerve is related to taste and swallow?
IX glossopharyngeal
Which cranial nerve is related to heart rate and digestion?
X vagus
What cranial nerve moves the head?
XI accessory
what cranial nerve moves the tongue?
XII hypoglossal
What is a test that can be done on visual acuity?
Snellen eye chart
Refractive errors
vision problems where the eye cannot focus light on the retina properly causing blurry vision
Myopia
nearsightedness
eyeball is too long
hyperopia
farsightedness
eyeball is too short
Astigmatism
irregular shape of cornea
what is a type of refractive error
astigmatism
Conduction deafness
decreased ability to conduct energy of sound waves through the ear
sensorineural deafness
damage to hearing receptors, cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, or neural pathways to the auditory cortex
two causes of conduction deafness
infection
earwax build up
two causes of sensorineural deafness
auditory nerve damage
aging
The weber test determines…
unilateral deafness
The rinne test determines
conduction deafness
