Practical 3 - station 5 - brain neurotransmitters Flashcards
What are the 4 planes that the brain can be cut into?
Sagittal, parasagittal, horizontal, coronal
Define rostral and caudal
Rostral - towards front of brain, anterior
Caudal - towards back of brain, posterior
What is the corpus collosum? What plane is it seen?
Coronal section
Major highway connecting 2 hemispheres
What is below the corpus collosum on a coronal section?
Lateral ventircles
What separates the 2 lateral ventricles?
Septum pellucidum
What are the caudate nuclei?
Grey matter masses forming lateral walls of lateral ventricles
Part of basal ganglia - involved in control of routine motor movements
What is the caudate nuclei joined to?
The putamen nuclei by threads
What is the putamen?
Part of basal ganglia - involved in control of routine motor movements
Nucleus
What is the internal capsule?
Divides the caudate and putamen nuclei
Band of axons
Where are the caudate and putamen nuclei continuous?
At their bases by the nucleus accumbens
What is the nucleus accumbens
Involved in reward and addiction behaviour
At the base of the nucleus caudate and putamen allowing them to be continuous with each other
As you move posteriorly in a coronal section what nuceli appear and where?
Medial to the putamen - another set of basal ganglia nuclei - globus pallidus, external and internal parts
As you move even further posteriorly in a coronal section what is seen and where?
Thalamus - lateral to 3rd ventricle
As you move further even more (D) posteriorly in a coronal section what disappears and what appears?
Globus pallidus, putamen disappear
thalamus increases in size
Hippocampus appears
Where is the hippocampus?
Medial side of lower part of lateral ventricle
What does the hippocampus do?
Involved in memory
Looks like a swiss roll or seahorse
As you move the furthest posteriorly (E) in a coronal section where are you positioned?
At the junction of the brainstem, cortex and midbrain
What do you identify the midbrain by?
Cerebral aqueduct
What is the cerebral aqueduct?
Narrow channel between 3rd and 4th ventricles
What is below the midbrain and how do we identify this?
Pons - by 2 middle cerebellar peduncles
What are the 2 cerebral peduncles?
Tracts of white matter connecting pons to cortex
What sections are most often used clinically?
Horizontal sections
What is seen on a horizontal section?
Caudate nuclei Putamen Internal capsule between 2 nuclei 3rd ventricle Thalamus on each side of 3rd ventricle
What is seen more inferiorly on a horizontal section?
Globus pallidus - internal and external
What does the diencephalon comprise?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
basal ganglia
What isn’t visible in midsagittal section but is in parasagittal sections and why?
Basal ganglia as it is more lateral
What is seen in a sagittal section?
Central sulcus
Precentral and postcentral gyrus
corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
What and where is the cingulate gyrus
Superior to the corpus callosum in sagittal section
Involved in memory
What is the largest part of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Coordination of movements
