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BB Anatomy > Practical 1 - station 2 - PNS > Flashcards

Practical 1 - station 2 - PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
Olfactory
Optic 
Oculumotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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2
Q

What is each cranial nerve for?

A

Olfactory - sensory smell
Optic - sensory sight
Oculomotor - motor eye movements (intrinsic and extrinsic)
Trochlear - motor eye movements
Trigeminal - 3 sensory branches to face, motor for mastication
Abducent - motor eye movement
Facial - motor facial expression, sensory taste and parasympathetic glands
Vestibulocochlear - sensory balance and hearing
Glossopharyngeal - tongue and pharynx
Vagus - parasymp to Gi tract, motor to palate, pharynx, larynx
Accessory - motor to SCM and trapezius
Hypoglossal - motor to tongue

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory?

A

Olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

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4
Q

Which cranial nerves are motor?

A

Hypoglossal, accessory, abducent, trochlear, oculomotor

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed?

A

Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, facial

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves attach on to the forebrain?

A

Olfactory and optic

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7
Q

Where do most cranial nerves originate from?

A

Brainstem

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8
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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9
Q

What muscles are innervated by the mandibular branch?

A

Muscles of mastication - masseter, temporal, lateral and medial pterygoid

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10
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

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11
Q

What nerve allows taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

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12
Q

What nerve allows taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

What nerve allows general sensation of the oral cavity?

A

Trigeminal

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14
Q

Which blood vessels enter the carotid canal, jugular foramen and the foramen spinosum?

A

Carotid canal - internal carotid artery
Jugular foramen - ascending pharyngeal artery
Foramen Spinosum - Middle meningeal artery

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15
Q

How many spinal nerves are there in each section?

A 
31 pairs in total
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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16
Q

Which nerve allows tongue movements?

A

Hypoglossal innervates intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

17
Q

Which nerves are responsible for the gag reflex?

A

Initiation - glossopharyngeal (sensory)

Execution - vagus (motor)

18
Q

What gland does the facial nerve supply?

A

Parotid

19
Q

Which nerves supply the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Parotid - glossopharyngeal

Submandibular and sublingual - facial

20
Q

Where does the vagus nerve travel in the neck?

A

Through the carotid sheath, inferior to IJV and common carotid
Right - anterior to subclavian and posterior to sternoclavicular joint
Left - inferior to common carotid and subclavian arteries, posterior to sternoclavicular joint

21
Q

What does the vagus nerve give rise to in the neck?

A

Recurrent pharyngeal, superior pharyngeal, pharyngeal

22
Q

Where does the vagus enter the abdomen?

A

Through oesophageal hiatus (opening in diagphragm)

23
Q

What does the accessory nerve supply?

A

SCM and trapezium

24
Q

What would accessory nerve palsy lead to?

A

Pain and weakness in shoulder
Droop shoulder
Weakness when lifting
Trapezius muscle atrophy

25
Q

What does a spinal nerve divide into and where?

A

It emerges from the intervertebral foramen and divides into small dorsal ramus and large ventral ramus (both mixed)

26
Q

What is different about ventral rami T2-T12?

A

They don’t converge to form plexi

27
Q

Where are dermatomes C5,6,7,8, T5,12, L3,4,5, S1?

A 
C5 - shoulder down arm
C6 - thumb
C7 - middle finger
C8 - little finger
T5 - below nipples
T12 - pubis
L3 - inner thigh
L4 - knee
L5 - big toe
S1 - little toe
28
Q

What is the difference between the roles of the afferent and efferent divisions of the PNS?

A

Afferent (sensory) - sensory receptors to CNS

Efferent (motor) - CNS to effector organs

29
Q

What are the types of afferents?

A

Somatic - skin, joints, muscles

Visceral - organs

30
Q

What are the 2 parts of the motor division?

A

Somatic - voluntary to skeletal muscle

ANS - involuntary to SM, cardiac, glands

31
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the ANS?

A

Enteric - gut function
Sympathetic - 4F’s (flight, fight, fright, sex)
Parasympathetic - rest relaxation recuperation

32
Q

Which nerves are involved in the parasympathetic and which in the sympathetic?

A

Para - craniosacral (cranial - oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus), S2-S4
Symp - T1-L2 (lumbosacral)

33
Q

What do the cranial nerves do in parasympathetic control?

A

Oculomotor - pupil constriction
Facial - pupil constriction and salivary production
Glossopharyngeal - salivary production
Vagus - reduces heart rate and force of contraction and constricts bronchi SM

34
Q

How do fibres get from the spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk?

A

From the spinal cord ventral roots leave and become preganglionic sympathetic fibres which pass through white rami communicantes (myelinated) to the sympathetic trunk

35
Q

Where does a sympathetic preganglionic axon synapse?

A
  • paravertebral (in the same chain ganglion from the spinal segment that they arose from or higher or lower in the chain with postganglionic neurons)
  • prevertebral (pass through the trunk and synapse along the abdominal aorta)
36
Q

Which nerves synapse prevertebrally?

A

Splanchnic

37
Q

Where are grey rami?

A

From the sympathetic trunk once synaptic contact has been established forming postganglionic neurons

38
Q

What is the exception with some sympathetic preganglionics?

A

They project directly to the adrenal cortex (essentially is a postganglionic neuron) to release adrenaline directly into circulation

39
Q

Pre and post ganglionic neurotransmitter of symp and para

A

Symp pre - Ach, post - Noradrenaline except at sweat glands

Para - pre - ach, post - Ach or NO or noradrenaline

BB Anatomy (15 decks)

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