Practical 1 Flashcards
biosafety definition
measures aimed at preventing the introduction and/or spread of harmful microorganisms to living organisms to animals and humans in order to minimise the risk of transmission of infectious disease
types of prevention of infectious diseases
non-specific prophylaxis - based on biosafety measures
immunoprophylaxis
- effectiveness of vaccines associated with biosafety measures
what are routine practices
hand hygiene
PPE
cleaning and disinfection
waste management
hand hygiene
minimum 15 seconds
alcohol based hand sanisiters - decreased efficacy on spores (clostridium) and nonenveloped viruses (Parvo)
PPE
gowns
closed footwear
shoe covers
face protection
cleaning definition
mechanical cleaning of visible debris with soap and water
disinfection definition
treatment of surfaces/ equipment using physical or chemical means so that the amount of microorganism present is reduced to an acceptable level
antisepsis definition
process of using chemical means to reduce the number of microorganisms on skin and living tissue
sterilisation definition
process that eliminates or kills all forms of microbial life present (including their spores)
categories of disinfectants according to their efficiency
high level
- kill all pathogens except small number of spores
glutaraldehyde based formulations)
intermediate level
- kill all bacteria, including mycobacterium, non-enveloped viruses but not SPORES
- phenols, iodophors
low level
- kill only vegetative bacteria and fungi and lipid envelope viruses
- quaternary ammonium germicidal detergent solution
considerations for the selection of a disinfectant
efficiacy
risks factors in this setting/procuedre
obkject
safety profile
practicality
how many categories for biosafety risk (potential for transmission and zoonotic potential)
4
category 1
- risk of transmission and zoonotic potential are low
- no need for isoaltion
- routine procedures (hand hygiene, PPE)
- tetanus, botulism
category 2
- can be transmitted from animal to animal (or human) but requires intensive or prolonged contact or vectors
- most pathogens from this category cannot live outside the host long and are susceptible to routinely used disinfectants
- separate cages with no contact between patients, control of ectoparaites
- regular cleaning and standard disinfectants
- FeLV, FIV, anaplasmosis, boreliosis,haemofelis
category 3
- diseases easily transmitted either by direct or indirect contact (ZOONOSES)
- separate cages, very important to prevent indirect contact
- separate equipment, floors (very important)
- special care of waste
- single use gowns
- disinfection mats on entrance floor
- routinely used disinfectant often not efficient
- leapt, brucella, clostridia, salmonella, dermatophytosis
category 4
- either extremely contagious or zoonotic
- transmitted by feral-oral route or droplets
- rapid spread
- separate cages or even rooms
- intensive cleaning and disinfection of everything
- feline upper resp tract diseases (calicivirus, chlamydia), distemper, parvo, rabies, tularaemia
