Practical 1

Question 1

Temporalis
Prox, Distal & action

Answer 1

Proximal: Temporal fossa & fascia
Distal: coronoid process & rams of mandible
Action: Elevate & retract mandible

Question 2

Masseter
Prox, distal & action

Answer 2

Proximal: inferior aspect of zygomatic arch
Distal: lateral aspect of rams of mandible
Action: Elevate & protract mandible

Question 3

Medial Pterygoid
Prox, distal & action

Answer 3

Proximal: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid, maxillary tuberosity, pyramidal process palatine
Distal: medial surface of ramus & angle of mandible
Action: laterally move & protract mandible

Question 4

Lateral Pterygoid
prox, distal, action

Answer 4

Proximal: Superior Head–> infra temporal surface & crest of greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior Head–> lateral surface lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Distal: Neck of mandible
Action: Laterally move & protract mandible

Question 5

Posterior Digastric
Prox, Distal & action

Answer 5

Proximal: intermediate tendon of digastric muscle
Distal: mastoid notch of temporal bone
Action: Depress mandible, elevate hyoid

Question 6

Anterior digastric
prox,distal & action

Answer 6

Proximal: digastric fossa of mandible
Distal: intermediate tendon of digastric muscle
Action: depress mandible & elevate hyoid bone

Question 7

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

Proximal: Sternal Head–> anterior surface of manibrium
Clavicular Head–> medial 1/3 of clavicle
Distal: mastoid process temporal bone, superior nuchal line
Action: Flex, laterally flex & rotate head

Question 8

Longus colli
Prox, distal & action

Answer 8

Proximal: anterior aspect of C3-T3
Distal: anterior aspect of C1-C5
Action: flex and rotate head ipsilaterally

Question 9

Longus capitis
Prox, distal & action

Answer 9

Proximal: basilar part occipital bone
Distal: anterior tubercles transverse process C3-C6
Action: flex head

Question 10

anterior scalene
prox, distal & action

Answer 10

Proximal: anterior tubercle transverse process C3-C6
Distal: scalene tubercle of 1st rib
Action:elevate 1st rib, flex, rotate & laterally flex neck

Question 11

Middle Scalene
Prox, distal & action

Answer 11

Proximal: transverse process C2-C7
Distal: superior surface 1st rib
Action: laterally flex neck, elevate 1st rib

Question 12

Posterior Scalene
prox, distal & action

Answer 12

Proximal: posterior tubercles transverse process C4-C6
Distal: External surface 2nd rib
Action: laterally flex neck & elevate 2nd rib

Question 13

Rectus capitis posterior major
prox, distal & action

Answer 13

Proximal: spinous process C2
Distal: inferior nuchal line
Action: rotate & extend head

Question 14

Rectus capitis posterior minor
prox, distal & action

Answer 14

Proximal: posterior arch C1
Distal: inferior nuchal line
Action: extend head

Question 15

Obliquus Capitis superior
prox, distal & action

Answer 15

Proximal: posterior aspect occipital bone
Distal: transverse process C1
Action: laterally flex & extend head

Question 16

Obliquus Capitis inferior
prox, distal & action

Answer 16

Proximal: spinous process C2
Distal: transverse process C1
Action: rotate head

Question 17

Splenius capitis
prox, distal & action

Answer 17

Proximal: nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T1
Distal: mastoid process, lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line
Action: rotate & extend head

Question 18

Splenius cervicis
prox, distal & action

Answer 18

Proximal: spinous process T3-T6
Distal: transverse process C1-C3
Action: extend, rotate, laterally flex neck

Question 19

External intercostals
prox, distal & action

Answer 19

Proximal: inferior borders 1st-11th rubs
Distal: superior borders of ribs immediately below
Action: elevate ribs at their costovertebral joints

Question 20

Internal intercostals
prox, distal & action

Answer 20

Proximal: inferior border 1st-11th ribs & adjacent costal cartilages
Distal: superior border of ribs immediately below
Action: depresses ribs at their costovertebral joints

Question 21

Upper Trap
Prox, distal & action

Answer 21

Proximal: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament & spinous process C7
Distal: posterior aspect lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion of scapula
Action: elevate & downwardly rotate shoulder at AC & sc joints, extend & laterally flex head and neck

Question 22

levator scapulae
prox, distal & action

Answer 22

Proximal: transverse process C1-C2 (posterior tubercles) and transverse process C3 & C4
Distal: superior angle of scapula and medial border of scapula
Action: elevate, downwardly rotate shoulder at AC & SC joints, extend & laterally flex head/neck

Question 23

semispinalis capitis
prox, distal & action

Answer 23

Proximal: area between superior & inferior nuchal line
Distal: superior articular process C4-C7 & transverse process T1-T6
Action: extend & contralaterlly rotates head

Question 24

Longissimus cervicis
prox, distal, & action

Answer 24

Proximal: transverse process T1-T6
Distal: Posterior tubercles transverse process C2-C6
Action: extend & laterally flex neck

Question 25

Longissimus capitis prox, distal & action

Answer 25

Proximal: transverse process C4-T4 Distal: mastoid process Action: extend, ipsilaterally rotate & laterally flex head

Question 26

How do you stretch sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 26

Extend, laterally flex (opposite way from one being stretched) & rotate away from side being stretched

Question 27

How do you stretch anterior scalene?

Answer 27

Extend, laterally flex away & rotate away

Question 28

How do you stretch longs Colli/ capitis?

Answer 28

extend & rotate away

Question 29

How do you stretch the obliques capitis superior/inferior?

Answer 29

flex, lateral flex away & rotate away

Question 30

How do you stretch upper trap?

Answer 30

Flex, side bend away & rotate away