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Biomechanics & Kinematics > Joint Structure And Function > Flashcards

Joint Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is open kinematic chain?

A

Distal joint segment is mobile and free and proximal segment provides stability

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2
Q

What is a closed kinematic chain?

A

Distal segments are fixed and proximal segments can move

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3
Q

What determines the function of joints?

A

Structure

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4
Q

What make on individual df?

A

A plane of motion

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5
Q

What are 2 categories of joints?

A

Synorthroses and diarthroses

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6
Q

What does it mean if a Joint is syarthroses?

A

Connections made with fibrous or cartilage
Nonsynovial

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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8
Q

Describe syndesmosis joints

A

Bones joined by interosseous ligament, cord or membrane

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9
Q

What are the z types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Symphysis aNd synchondrosis

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10
Q

Describe symphysis joints

A

Covered by thin lamina and directly joined by fibrocartilage in form of disks or pads

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11
Q

Describe Synchondrosis joints

A

Hyaline cartilage joins surface, forms band at ossifying centers, permits growth and some stability

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12
Q

Describe diarthrosis joints

A

No direct attachment

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13
Q

What is synovial Joint construction?

A

Joint capsule, Joint Carly, synovial tissue lining inner capsule face,synovial fluid, hyaline cartilage

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14
Q

Describe a joint capsule and how many layers are there?

A

thin, loose, redundant to think & dense
mobility to stability gradation
2 (Stratum Fibrous & Stratum Synovium)

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15
Q

What is important about stratum fibrisum

A

made of connective tissue and poorly vascularized but highly innervated (heal slowly and painful)

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16
Q

what is important about stratum synovium?

A

-synovial fluid production
-highly vascularized and richly innervated (heal fast but painful)

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17
Q

What is synovial fluid and what does it do?

A

thin film that cover inner layer of joint capsule & AC
it reduces friction and nourishes AC

18
Q

What is the composition of synovial fluid?

A

Like blood but contains hyaluronic acid and lubricin

19
Q

Due to synovial fluid’s viscosity being proportionate with joint velocity or friction, what would the resistance be like with rapid movement and what does that do to viscosity?

A

decrease viscosity thus less resistance to motion

20
Q

What happens to viscosity as the temperature rises?

A

decreases

21
Q

What are the 3 subclassifications of diarthroses?

A

uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

22
Q

Define uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial

A

Uniaxial- 1 plane & 1 axis= 1 DF
Biaxial- 2 planes & 2 axis = 2 DF
Triaxial- 3 planes & 3axes = 3DF

23
Q

What are two types of uniaxial joints?

A

Hinge and pivot joints

24
Q

what are two types of biaxial joints?

A

Condyloid joints & saddle joints

25
Q

What are the two types of triaxial joints?

A

plane & (ball & socket) joints

26
Q

Describe pivot joints

A

one component is ring shaped and the other rotates in the ring

27
Q

Describe condyloid joints

A

concave & convex surfaces slide over one another in 2 directions

28
Q

Describe saddle joints

A

each joint surface is both convex in 1 plane & concave the other

29
Q

Describe plane joints

A

permits gliding between 2 or more bones

30
Q

Describe ball & socket joints

A

convex ball & concave socket

31
Q

The amount, type and direction of movement is dictated by?

A

anatomical structure of a joint

32
Q

In reference to arthrokinematic movement what is a roll?

A

occurs in direction of osteokinematic motion

33
Q

In reference to arthrokinematic movement what is a glide/slide?

A

facet joint motion; direction of motion depends on joint structure

34
Q

With reference to arthrokinematic movement what is a spin?

A

like a marble spinning on a table

35
Q

Describe the concave - convex rule when concave structure moves

A

when concave structure moves on a fixed convex surface the roll & glide will occur in the same direction

36
Q

Describe the 2nd concave-convex rule when convex surface is moving

A

when a convex surface is moving on a fixed concave structure the direction of the roll & glide will be in opposite directions

37
Q

When observing an OKC which portion are you looking at?

A

distal segment of joint in question

38
Q

When observing a CCK which portion do you look at?

A

most proximal segment to joint in question

39
Q

What are the words used to describe the slide/glide when discussing motion in the frontal plane?

A

superior & inferior

40
Q

what are the words used to describe the slide & glide when motion occurs in sagittal plane?

A

anterior & posterior

Biomechanics & Kinematics (10 decks)

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