Joint Structure And Function

Question 1

What is open kinematic chain?

Answer 1

Distal joint segment is mobile and free and proximal segment provides stability

Question 2

What is a closed kinematic chain?

Answer 2

Distal segments are fixed and proximal segments can move

Question 3

What determines the function of joints?

Answer 3

Structure

Question 4

What make on individual df?

Answer 4

A plane of motion

Question 5

What are 2 categories of joints?

Answer 5

Synorthroses and diarthroses

Question 6

What does it mean if a Joint is syarthroses?

Answer 6

Connections made with fibrous or cartilage
Nonsynovial

Question 7

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

Answer 7

Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

Question 8

Describe syndesmosis joints

Answer 8

Bones joined by interosseous ligament, cord or membrane

Question 9

What are the z types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 9

Symphysis aNd synchondrosis

Question 10

Describe symphysis joints

Answer 10

Covered by thin lamina and directly joined by fibrocartilage in form of disks or pads

Question 11

Describe Synchondrosis joints

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage joins surface, forms band at ossifying centers, permits growth and some stability

Question 12

Describe diarthrosis joints

Answer 12

No direct attachment

Question 13

What is synovial Joint construction?

Answer 13

Joint capsule, Joint Carly, synovial tissue lining inner capsule face,synovial fluid, hyaline cartilage

Question 14

Describe a joint capsule and how many layers are there?

Answer 14

thin, loose, redundant to think & dense
mobility to stability gradation
2 (Stratum Fibrous & Stratum Synovium)

Question 15

What is important about stratum fibrisum

Answer 15

made of connective tissue and poorly vascularized but highly innervated (heal slowly and painful)

Question 16

what is important about stratum synovium?

Answer 16

-synovial fluid production
-highly vascularized and richly innervated (heal fast but painful)

Question 17

What is synovial fluid and what does it do?

Answer 17

thin film that cover inner layer of joint capsule & AC
it reduces friction and nourishes AC

Question 18

What is the composition of synovial fluid?

Answer 18

Like blood but contains hyaluronic acid and lubricin

Question 19

Due to synovial fluid’s viscosity being proportionate with joint velocity or friction, what would the resistance be like with rapid movement and what does that do to viscosity?

Answer 19

decrease viscosity thus less resistance to motion

Question 20

What happens to viscosity as the temperature rises?

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

What are the 3 subclassifications of diarthroses?

Answer 21

uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

Question 22

Define uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial

Answer 22

Uniaxial- 1 plane & 1 axis= 1 DF
Biaxial- 2 planes & 2 axis = 2 DF
Triaxial- 3 planes & 3axes = 3DF

Question 23

What are two types of uniaxial joints?

Answer 23

Hinge and pivot joints

Question 24

what are two types of biaxial joints?

Answer 24

Condyloid joints & saddle joints

Question 25

What are the two types of triaxial joints?

Answer 25

plane & (ball & socket) joints

Question 26

Describe pivot joints

Answer 26

one component is ring shaped and the other rotates in the ring

Question 27

Describe condyloid joints

Answer 27

concave & convex surfaces slide over one another in 2 directions

Question 28

Describe saddle joints

Answer 28

each joint surface is both convex in 1 plane & concave the other

Question 29

Describe plane joints

Answer 29

permits gliding between 2 or more bones

Question 30

Describe ball & socket joints

Answer 30

convex ball & concave socket

Question 31

The amount, type and direction of movement is dictated by?

Answer 31

anatomical structure of a joint

Question 32

In reference to arthrokinematic movement what is a roll?

Answer 32

occurs in direction of osteokinematic motion

Question 33

In reference to arthrokinematic movement what is a glide/slide?

Answer 33

facet joint motion; direction of motion depends on joint structure

Question 34

With reference to arthrokinematic movement what is a spin?

Answer 34

like a marble spinning on a table

Question 35

Describe the concave - convex rule when concave structure moves

Answer 35

when concave structure moves on a fixed convex surface the roll & glide will occur in the same direction

Question 36

Describe the 2nd concave-convex rule when convex surface is moving

Answer 36

when a convex surface is moving on a fixed concave structure the direction of the roll & glide will be in opposite directions

Question 37

When observing an OKC which portion are you looking at?

Answer 37

distal segment of joint in question

Question 38

When observing a CCK which portion do you look at?

Answer 38

most proximal segment to joint in question

Question 39

What are the words used to describe the slide/glide when discussing motion in the frontal plane?

Answer 39

superior & inferior

Question 40

what are the words used to describe the slide & glide when motion occurs in sagittal plane?

Answer 40

anterior & posterior