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Histology Pracs > Prac 6 CVRS - Blood > Flashcards

Prac 6 CVRS - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Lifespan of Erythrocyte

A

120 Days

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2
Q

Why are erythrocytes anucleate,

A

lost their nuclei during development

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3
Q

Why are they Biconcave disks

A

Loss of the cell nucleus

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4
Q

Major Function of Erythrocytes

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide via the hemoglobin which fills most of the cytoplasm.

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5
Q

Where are Erythrocytes formed?

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

What happens before erythrocytes are released into the bloodstream

A

normally lose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles

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7
Q

What are reticulocytes

A

immature red cells still containing some visible ribosome remnants that are released into the bloodstream

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8
Q

Stain for blood Smear

A

Leishman’s stain

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9
Q

What do reticulocytes look like with Leishman’s stain?

A

These can be seen to contain blue-staining remnants of cytoplasmic organelles, notably the remains of the ribosomes used to synthesize the hemoglobin

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10
Q

Multi-lobular nucleus?

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

Prominent granules?Dark blue granules?

A

basophil

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12
Q

Prominent granules?Bright pink granules?

A

eosinophil

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13
Q

Small cells with a darkly stained nucleus and little cytoplasm?

A

lymphocyte

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14
Q

Cells with a kidney-shaped nucleus?

A

monocyte

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15
Q

Much smaller than red cells?

A

Platelets

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16
Q

Normally they are the most numerous type of white cell in peripheral blood

A

neutrophils

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17
Q

Features of neutrophils

A

They are phagocytic and are able to operate in hostile environments (e.g. low oxygen tensions).
most of them leave the blood stream to enter tissues, particularly at sites of infection.

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18
Q

granulocytes

A

Basophils
Neutrophils
Eosinphils

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19
Q

agranulocytes

A

monocyte

Lymphocyte

20
Q

Another name for eosinophils

A

Acidophilic leukocytes

21
Q

Structure of eosinophils

A

They have a bi-lobed or tri-lobed nucleus and prominent dark pink granules.

22
Q

Lifespan of Eosinophils

A

They remain in the circulation for only a few hours and show a diurnal fluctuation in numbers, being highest in the morning.

23
Q

Eosinophils function

A

They are able to phagocytose antigen/antibody complexes and are especially associated with parasitic infections which they are able to counteract.

24
Q

Eosinophils function

A

They are able to phagocytose antigen/antibody complexes and are especially associated with parasitic infections which they are able to counteract.

25
Q

least common of all the white cells

A

Basophils

26
Q

Structure of Basophils

A

They contain unmistakably large (blue) granules which appear to fill the cell.

27
Q

Function of basophils

A

They have a similar role to mast cells (found in most tissues, especially alongside blood vessels and in the mucosa of the gut). When stimulated they secrete histamine and a range of other vasoactive substances that increased blood flow to the local area.

28
Q

Where are lymphocytes mostly based?

A

within lymph nodes and within connective tissues of organs and tissues.

29
Q

How can we distinguish between different types of lymphocyte?

A

It is not possible to distinguish between these subtypes using conventional stains, although immunohistochemistry can be used to distinguish between them.

30
Q

What do lymphocytes look like with Leishman’s stain?

A

lymphocytes have a dark staining, almost round nucleus and a pale grey/blue cytoplasm devoid of granules

31
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Monocytes are immature circulating forms that differentiate into one of several cell types once they leave the blood stream and take up residence in the connective tissues. Many monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages.

32
Q

What do monocytes look like?

A

Monocytes are characterised by a kidney shaped (reniform) nucleus that often appears eccentrically placed. It has a large amount of pale blue cytoplasm.

33
Q

What are platelets?

A

Platelets are small fragments of cells without a nucleus which are derived from multi-nucleate megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. They contain a range of cell organelles, including four different types of granule

34
Q

Where are erythrocytes formed in adults

A

In adults, haematopoiesis is confined to the marrow of the flat bones and proximal ends of the humeri and femurs.

35
Q

Where are erythrocytes destroyed in adults

A

Red cells are destroyed in the liver and spleen.

36
Q

Where are red blood cells formed in utero

A

In utero they are formed first in the yolk sac, then in the liver, then in the bone marrow

37
Q

Which is the predominant leukocyte

A

Neutrophil

38
Q

Which cell type increases in patients with worms

A

Eosinophils play a role in our defence against parasitic infections and their numbers increase in patients with parasites such as worms.

39
Q

Both basophils and eosinophils bear receptors to what

A

IgE -but they are antagonistic in their function

40
Q

How do eosinophils and eosinophils have antagonistic functions

A

Basophils release histamine (and eosinophils counter the action of histamine).

41
Q

What do Eosinophils contain

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals.

42
Q

Unlike basophils and eosinophils, neutrophils do not bear

A

IgE receptors

43
Q

Basophils become

A

Mast cells

44
Q

Monocytes give rise to the following cells (5)

A 
Tissue macrophages - everywhere  
Kupffer cells – liver
Osteoclasts – bone  
Antigen presenting cells - everywhere
Alveolar macrophages – lung
45
Q

. Which of these is the multipotential haematopoeitic stem cell?

A

Haemocytoblast

46
Q

What are Platelets

A

Platelets are membrane-bound fragments of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

47
Q

Where and how does Erythropoiesis occur

A

Erythropoiesis occurs away from bony trabeculae. Cells start basophilic and become eosinophilic. They gradually lose organelles (as they gain haemoglobin). The nucleus stays round and is eventually extruded. The cells get smaller as they mature.

Histology Pracs (9 decks)

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