PQs 1 Flashcards
Which pigment is characteristic in the ‘brown bowel syndrome’ in dogs?
a. hematin
b. melanin
c. ceroid
d. porfirnek
ceroid
is NOT a yellow pigment
hematin
Lipofuscin may be found in…
a. … neural cells of the brain and spinal cord
b. … hepatocytes and renal tubular cells
c. both answers are correct
d. neither are correct
both answers are correct
which belongs to the innate immunity?
a. cellular immunity
b. humoral immunity
c. both
d. none
none (both are adaptive)
which is a general effect of burns?
a. hypervolaemia
b. bone marrow hyperplasia
c. both
d. none
none
which pathological lesion is associated with
hyperthermia?
a. slowly developing rigor mortis
b. meningeal ischaemia
c. slowly developing autolysis
d. brain edema
brain oedema
Which can lead to autointoxication?
a. wet gangrene
b. constipation
c. hypoxic hepatopathy
d. all of the above
all of them
Which enzyme is responsible for uric acid transformation
in mammals?
a. cytochrome P450
b. uricase
c. phosphate
d. transcarbamoylase
uricase
Which is characteristic for viral papilloma in dogs?
a. rare to occur
b. endophytic
c. exophytic
exophytic
- Which is the correct order from the surface
a. str corneum, str spinosum, str granulosum, str basale
b. str corneum, str granulosum, str spinosum, str basale
c. str granulosum, str corneum, str spinosum, str basale
d. str corneum, str basale, str spinosum, str granulosum
str corneum, str granulosum, str spinosum, str basale
Which is true for the innate immunity?
a. specific for antigens
b. nonspecific for antigens
c. reaction is slow
d. there is no memory
non specific, immediate rxn, no memory
which paraneoplasia can occur frequently in dogs; perianal gland carcinoma?
a. hypocalcaemia
b. hypercalcaemia
c. exfoliative dermatitis
d. paraneoplastic alopecia
hypercalcaemia
What is true for cancer anorexia – cachexia syndrome?
a. early satiety
b. anaemia
c. generalised weakness
d. all of the above
all of the above
Which compound increases the muscle metabolism in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome?
a. leptin
b. TNF
c. proteolysis inducing factor
d. all of the above
proteolysis inducing factor
True of porphyrins
a. pigments of brownish-violet colour
b. they show a great affinity to bones
c. they may all fluoresce under UV light
d. all of the above
all of the above
Which statement is false?
a. both hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis refer to the
thickening of the cornified layer of the epithelium
b. hyper- and parakeratosis can often be observed
simultaneously, altering each other in a certain
region of the epithelium
c. parakeratotic hyperkeratosis is a form of
hyperkeratosis
d. all former answers are correct
all former answers are correct
What does cutaneous horn refer to?
a. horn-like focal dyskeratotic malformation without a
bone basis
b. horn-like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without
a bone basis
c. horn-like focal dyskeratotic malformation without a
bone basis, which formed as a result of prolonged
mechanic irritation
d. applied for all cornified structures of domesticated
animals occurring on the bony basis of horns
horn-like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without
What does cutaneous horn refer to?
a. horn-like focal dyskeratotic malformation without a
bone basis
b. horn-like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without
a bone basis
c. horn-like focal dyskeratotic malformation without a
bone basis, which formed as a result of prolonged
mechanic irritation
d. applied for all cornified structures of domesticated
animals occurring on the bony basis of horns
horn-like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without
What does pathology examine?
a. diseases
b. defects
c. both
d. none
disease, defects and malformations
What type of necrosis do vitamin E and selenium
deficiency can cause?
a. Zenker necrosis
b. blackleg disease
c. caesation
d. none
Zenker necrosis
What affects the colour of neoplasia?
a. pigmentation
b. blood content
c. the tissue of origin
d. all of the above
all of the above
Which inflammatory cell type is capable of resorption of necrotic tissues?
a. neutrophil granulocytes
b. macrophage
c. both
d. none
Neutrophil granulocytes
Where do we see the consequences of systemic
congestion?
a. in the lungs
b. in the liver
c. in the terminal circulatory bed
d. every organ is affected
every organ is affected?
- What is true for shock?
a. too much blood is damaging the brain
b. a major thrombus in the veins
c. this is what I am in in right now
d. Hypoperfusion develops in the vital organs
Hypoperfusion develops in the vital organs
What is true for red thrombus?
a. it is similar to blood clotting in the veins
b. commonly seen in the mitral valves
c. it can be very common in the kidneys
d. it will never cause embolism
it is similar to blood clotting in the veins
Which of the following can cause mesothelioma?
a. aflatoxin
b. asbestos
c. N-naftil-amin
d. vinil-chloride
asbestos
What can be the consequence of necrosis?
a. organisatio
b. ulceration
c. secondary infection
d. all of them
all
What does recurrence of a tumour mean?
a. ability to metastasis
b. growing back after removal
c. ability to invade
d. pace of tumour growth
growing back after removal
Which cell type is the most resistant to hypoxia among
these?
a. neurons
b. fibroblasts
c. myocardial cells
d. they are all equally sensitive
fibroblasts
What is haemorrhage per diapedesin?
a. bleeding through vessel wall continuity defect
b. bleeding through a vessel wall with increased
permeability
c. bleeding through the nose
d. bleeding due to trauma
bleeding through a vessel wall with increased
permeability
What can be caused in animals due to intermittent intensive exposition of UV- radiation?
squamous cell carcinoma
b. basal cell carcinoma
c. melanoma
d. lymphoma
melanoma
Which regenerates first after peripheral nerve injury?
a. myelin sheath
b. axon
c. synapsis
d. they regenerate at the same time
axon
In which organ can catarrhal inflammation occur?
a. liver
b. heart
c. lungs
d. kidney
lung
. How do Langerhans type giant cells develop?
a. macrophages undergo endomitosis
b. neutrophils fuse due to strong activation
c. epithelioid cells fuse
d. progenitor white blood cells undergo endomitosis
epithelioid cells fuse
Which one is an exudative type of inflammation?
a. haemorrhagic
b. ichorous
c. both
d. none
both
Which giant cell can be found in a healthy animal
a. osteoclast
b. Langerhans type giant cell
c. Langerhans cell
d. Reed - Sternberg type cell
osteoclast
Which refers to the increase of the tumour’s malignant
potential?
a. initiation
b. promotion
c. progression
d. generalisation
progression
Which one is diffuse purulent inflammation?
a. abscess
b. microabscess
c. phlegmone
d. pyoarthros
phlegmone
Which determines the severity of burns
a. temperature
b. age of the animal
c. both of them
d. none of them
both
Which structure directs the glandular epithelium during
regeneration?
a. glandular remnants
b. stem cells
c. basement membrane
d. none of them
basement membrane
Which is true for the adaptive immunity?
a. specific for antigens
b. nonspecific for antigens
c. reaction is immediate
d. there is no memory
specific for antigens
