PPT 6

Question 1

What is the gold standard of research design for testing hypothesis

Answer 1

randomized controlled trials

Question 2

do randomized controlled trials randomly assign the participants in the experimental and control groups

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Randomized controlled trials: are measurements made before and after intervention

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

What does randomization ensure with the experimental and control groups

Answer 4

Ensures that the exp and control groups are comparable with respect to all factors (known or unknown)
- except for the factors addressed by the exp intervention

Question 5

What are the 5 challenges to RCT

Answer 5

1- motivation to participants if not randomized to intervention
2- double blind 
3- biases poor compliance, dropout
4- external validity
5- practicality with larger samples

Question 6

What does HEARTY stand for

Answer 6

Healthy eating

aerobic and resistance training in youth

Question 7

HEARTY participants

• amount
• age
• criteria
• obesity BMI / overweight
• PA

Answer 7

• 304 ado
• 14-18 yrs
• post pubertal
• obesity bmi > 95th
• Overweight bmi 85-95th with diabetes risk factor
• PA < 2 weekly ET of > 20 mins each

Question 8

Timeline run in weeks?

Answer 8

1-4

Question 9

timeline intervention weeks

Answer 9

5-26 weeks

3-6 mo

Question 10

HEARTY randomization in 4 groups

Answer 10

1- aerobic
2- resistance
3- combined
4- control only diet

Question 11

hearty 6 variables assessed with their methods

Answer 11

1- body comp = MRI
2- Anthropometry= weight, height, waist, hip
3- RMR= indirect calo
4- CRF= indirect cal
5- MusculoF= 8-RM, CSEP
6- CVD risk factors= fasting blood measures, OGTT

Question 12

MRI analysis used what software and primary outcome

Answer 12

slice-o-matic software v 4.3

% body fat

Question 13

MRI analysis consisted of 4 factors

Answer 13

pixels
area
volume
mass

Question 14

FITT for aerobic ET

Answer 14

F= 4x/week
I = 65-85% HRmax
T= treadmill, bike, elliptical
T= 15-45mins

Question 15

FITT Resistance ET

Answer 15

F= 4x/week
I= 1-3 sets, 15 RM
T= machine, dumbbells
T= 20-45 mins

Question 16

Results of Hearty primary outcome

Answer 16

• % body fat

- CVD risk markers

Question 17

Results for Cardiorespiratory & Musculoskeletal Fitness. Aerobic ET

Answer 17

aerobic exercise training alone increased abdominal muscular endurance

Question 18

Results for Cardiorespiratory & Musculoskeletal Fitness.. RT

Answer 18

increased upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance

Question 19

Results for Cardiorespiratory & Musculoskeletal Fitness. Combined group

Answer 19

greatest improvements in overall strength and fitness were demonstrated by
combined

Question 20

No changes in 3 things compared to controls

Answer 20

grip strength
sit and reach
vertical power

Question 21

Conclusion for aerobic + RT and body fat

Answer 21

largest decrease in body fat and waist

Question 22

Conclusion for aerobic + RT in CRF and MSKF

Answer 22

increase for both

Question 23

Is combine training superior to aerobic training alone

Answer 23

yes

Greater reductions in body fat, BMI, waist, muscular strength & endurance

Question 24

does the media distort research results

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

Which group had the highest drop out rate and what was the reason for the drop outs

Answer 25

The resistance training group had the most drop outs and the main reason for the drop out was self conscious and depressions a lot of mental health predictors

Question 26

What is the adherence rate in adults

Answer 26

50% discontinue within 6 months