PPT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a causal pie model

A

each pie is composed of a component cause

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2
Q

can there be multiple pies to explain how disease happens

A

yes

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3
Q

what is multicausality

A

every causal mechanism involves the joint action of multiple component causes

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4
Q

give an example of causes

A

genetics and environmental

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5
Q

true or false very few exposures cause disease entirely by themselves

A

false

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6
Q

What is another name for sufficient cause

A

causal mechanism

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7
Q

Is sufficient cause the whole pie

A

yes

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8
Q

what is the definition of sufficient cause

A

a minimum set of conditions when one is missing disease wont occur

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9
Q

is sufficient cause usually a single factor

A

no each factor is a component cause

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10
Q

What is a component causes

A

an event or condition that plays a necessary role in the occurence of some disease

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11
Q

List four component causes of pneumonia

A
  • elderly person
  • exposure to pneumococcus
  • smoking
  • lives in a nursing home
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12
Q

Name 3 pies for CAD

A

1- age, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity
2- genetics, sex, menopause, hormone replacement therapy
3- hypertension, unknown factor, maternal under nutrition, diabetes

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13
Q

What is a necessary cause

A

the most important piece of the pie without it disease wont occur

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14
Q

What is a necessary cause example

A

Example would be finding a component cause it each causal pie

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15
Q

what is strength of causes

A

some component causes play a more important role than others

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16
Q

Do causal components act in concert to produce effect

17
Q

What is a strong cause

A

its a component cause that plays a causal role in a large proportion of the cases

18
Q

what is a weak cause

A

is a causal component in a small proportion of cases

19
Q

Strength of the cause depends on what

A

the prevalence of other causal factor that produce disease

20
Q

What is completion of a sufficient cause

A

disease occurrence (maybe not diagnosed)

21
Q

What does blocking of a component do to the completion of a sufficient cause

A

prevents the completion ex: no disease

22
Q

What is induction period

A

period of time beginning at the action of a component cause and ending when the final component cause acts and the disease occurs

23
Q

What is latency period

A

refers to time delay between disease occurrence and its detection

24
Q

Can component cause act far apart in time

25
How do we know 
when something “causes” something else?
Look at mill's canons
26
What are the 5 things of Cannon
Temporal Sequence Strength of association Consistency Dose response Biological Plausibility
27
Temporal sequence
Exposure of the risk factor must precede development of the disease with sufficient time to account for disease progression
28
Strength of association
There is a large and clinically meaningful difference in disease risk between those exposed and those not exposed to the risk
29
Consistency
The observed association is always observed if the risk factor is present (e.g., regardless of sex, race, age, or methods of measurement)
30
Dose response
The risk of disease associated with the risk factor is greater with stronger exposure to the risk factor >exposure to risk factor, > risk of disease
31
Biological Plausibility
The observed association is explainable by existing knowledge about possible biological mechanisms of the disease, which may be alterable (e.g., by physical activity)