PPT 1 Flashcards
Name factors that influence behaviour
1- societal influences 2- food production 3- food consumption 4- individual psychology 5- individual activity 6- activity environment
What was her thesis
the effects of aerobic training, resistance training and their combination of the cardiometabolic health of adolescents with obesity
What epidemiology:
Epi =
Demos =
Logy =
among, upon
people
study
1- Define epidemiology
the scientific study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations
2- Define epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in populations, and the application of this study to control health problems
3- Define epidemiology
Study of health and disease in populations, the basic science of public health and preventative medicine
What is John Last’s definition of epidemiology
The study of the distribution of health-related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems
5- Objectives of epidemiology
1- Investigate the..
Investigate the etiology of disease and modes of transmission
5- Objectives of epidemiology
2- Determine the…
Determine the extent of disease problems in the community
5- Objectives of epidemiology
3- Study
study the natural history and prognosis of disease
5- Objectives of epidemiology
4- Evaluate both
Evaluate both existing and new preventive and therapeutic measures ad modes of health care delivery
5- Objectives of epidemiology
5- Provide a foundation
Provide a foundation for developing public policy and regulatory decisions
Public health investigations use what type of methods
quantitative
Public health combines what
epidemiology and biostatistics
Public health combinations
- epidemiology is about understanding of disease development and the methods used to uncover the etiology, progression and treatment of the disease
- Biostatistics used to analyze the data to aid decision making
What are the 6 roles of epidemiology in public health
1- address a public health question
2- conduct a study
3- Collect data
4- Describe the observations/data
5- Assess the strength of evidence for/against a hypothesis; evaluate the data
6- Recommend interventions or preventive programs
1- Address a public health question
- generate a hypothesis based on scientific rationale
- based on observations or anecdotal evidence
- based on results of prior studies
2- Conduct a study - what are the 4 studies
1- survey
2- surveillance
3- observational
4- experimental
Define survey study
Used to estimate the extent of the disease in the population
Define surveillance study
Is designed to monitor or detect specific disease
Define observational studies
investigate association between an exposure and a disease outcome. They rely on natural allocation of individuals to exposed or non exposed groups
Define experimental studies
investigates the association between an exposure, often therapeutic treatment, and disease outcome. Individuals are intentionally placed into the treatment groups by the investigators
Difference between observational an experimental studies
Observational studies are natural allocations and experimental are intentionally placed into groups
3- Collecting data includes what
Numerical facts, measurements or observations
3- Collecting data influences of what
influences of temporal and seasonal trends on the reliability and accuracy of data
4- Describe the observations/data includes what
- descriptive statistical methods provide an exploratory assessment of the data from a study
- exploratory data analysis techniques
- organization and summarization of data
- tables
- graphs
- summary measures
5- Assess the strength of evidence for/against a hypothesis; evaluate the data. Inferential statistical methods provide a confirmatory data analysis:
- generalize conclusions from data from part of a group to the whole group
- assess the strength of the evidence
- make comparisons
- make predictions
- ask more questions; suggest future research
6- Recommend interventions or preventive programs. The study results will prove..
- The study results will prove or disprove the hypothesis, or sometimes fall into a grey area of unsure
6- Recommend interventions or preventive programs. The study results appear in
- The study results appear in a peer-review publication and or are disseminated to the public by other names
6- Recommend interventions or preventive programs. The consequence is
Consequence is the policy or action can range from developing specific regulatory programs to general personal behavioural changes
Define physical activity
- body movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that requires energy expenditure
Define exercise
a type of PA that is planned, structure and repetitive done to improve or maintain components of physical fitness
Define disease
reduced, abnormal or lost structure or function of cells, organs or systems of the body
Define health
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Define morbidity
the quality or state of being morbid, morbidness
- of or related to disease; having a gloomy state of mind
Define prevalence
how many people have this disease right now
Define incidence
how many people per year newly acquire this disease
Define mortality
death rate
Define aetiology/etiology
the cause of origin of a disease or disorder
Define physical activity epidemiology
deals with the frequency and patterns of physical activity in the population and the relationship between physical activity and health and disease.
