PPT 2

Question 1

Cholera was an epidemics across europe in which century

Answer 1

16th

Question 2

Where was cholera very notable

Answer 2

London 1840

Question 3

When was there a major outbreak of cholera

Answer 3

1853-54

Question 4

What was the original theory of cholera

Answer 4

cholera attributed to miasma “bad air”

Question 5

John snow looked at what

Answer 5

looked at deaths and water pump locations

Question 6

Where is John Snow from

Answer 6

London

Question 7

What did John Snow believe

Answer 7

believed that the cause was drinking water contaminated with fecal waste

Question 8

What did john snow convince local authorities to do

Answer 8

to remove the handle on the pump, less chance to contaminate

Question 9

What happened when the pump was removed

Answer 9

outbreak subsided

Question 10

What did John snows study consist of (number of people)

Answer 10

mortality data on 300 00 people living in london

Question 11

Did john snow go door to door to ask who supplied water

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

What did john snow link

Answer 12

he linked certain companies to high rates of cholera deaths

Question 13

was it found that companies were using unfiltered water

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Who founded cholera

Answer 14

Robert Kock 1883

Question 15

John Snow was the first for 3 things

Answer 15

1- epidemiologist
2- person to use statistics
3- anesthesiologist

Question 16

What are the 3 goals of epidemiology

Answer 16

1- describe the distribution of disease
2- analyze the information to identify risk factors
3- prevent disease by modifying the identified risk factors

Question 17

John Snows way of addressing the 6 roles

Answer 17

1- Address public health question: why are people dying
2- Conduct a study: Look at water pump locations and # of deaths
3- Collect data: Went to regions with h20 pumps and assessed death
4- Describe data: more deaths around heavily populated regions
5- Assess: When handle was removed = dec death
6- Intervention: shut down pump

Question 18

What time of study was john’s

Answer 18

observational

Question 19

What is physical activity epidemiology

Answer 19

PA epidemiology studies factors associated with participation in PA and how this behaviour relates to the probability of disease or injury

Question 20

PA epidemiology example of this study:

- Longitudinal study

Answer 20

risk factors/progression

Question 21

PA epidemiology example of this study:

- surveillance studies

Answer 21

who got sick

Question 22

PA epidemiology description of what

Answer 22

the level of PA in a population

Question 23

PA epidemiology comparison of

Answer 23

PA among populations

Question 24

PA epidemiology determination of factors…

Answer 24

Factors associated with participation in PA

Question 25

PA epidemiology investigation of the association between..

Answer 25

PA and the risk for chronic disease like CVD, stroke etc.

Question 26

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: china

Answer 26

1- China used structured exercise for health promotion. 2500 BC

Question 27

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Herodicus

Answer 27

2- Herodicus; therapeutic gymnastics and therapy based on vigorous exercise. 480 BC

Question 28

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Hippocrates

Answer 28

3-Hippocrates: father of medicine, initially criticized herodicus and later agreed on the benefit of exercise

Question 29

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Galen (2 uses of exercise)

Answer 29

Roman physician 2 uses of exercise: - evacuation of excrements - Production of the good condition of the firm parts of the body

Question 30

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Geronimo Mercuriali (book and ET)

Answer 30

- 1st book De arte gymnastica on sports medicine. - foundation of modern rehabilitation medicine - vigorous exercise

Question 31

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Wiliam Heberden

Answer 31

- exercise as a cure for heart disease

Question 32

Who said: i know one who set himself a task of sawing wood half an hour every day, and was nearly cured

Answer 32

Wiliam Heberden

Question 33

In 1953, the first article to link what to PA came out

Answer 33

to link CHD to PA

Question 34

The article was about what

Answer 34

understanding the differences between conductors and bus drivers

Question 35

Morris et al., the author of the article showed what

Answer 35

total incidence of CHD had a lower risk and so did mortality

Question 36

Morris compared what people

Answer 36

Bus drivers and conductors | postal workers

Question 37

Postmen versus telephonist/clerks who had lower CHD incidence

Answer 37

Postmen because of walking

Question 38

Harvard alumni healthy study included how many people

Answer 38

17 000 male Harvard graduates

Question 39

what were the three criteria for the study

Answer 39

1- disease free at baseline 2- reported activity, clinical history and parental history 3- followed from the late 60's

Question 40

Results from the harvard study based off energy expenditure

Answer 40

If weekly energy expenditure increased, all cause and CVD death rates declined

Question 41

Harvard results: active men gained how many years of life up to age 80

Answer 41

1.25

Question 42

Harvard results: for each hour spent exercising each week they gained __ hours of life

Answer 42

2 hours

Question 43

Increased kcal for PA dec or inc relative risk

Answer 43

decrease

Question 44

Define risk factor

Answer 44

activity or factor that may increase the chance of developing a disease

Question 45

Define association

Answer 45

a connection of persons, things or ideas by some common factor

Question 46

Define causation

Answer 46

The act or process of causing

Question 47

Is causes part of correlation

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

how does research start

Answer 48

asking a clear focused research question

Question 49

What are the 6 types of questions/domains

Answer 49

1- etiology (cohort, case-control) 2- therapy (rct) 3- prognosis (cohort) 4- harm (cohort, case-control) 5- Diagnosis (cross-sectional, case control) 6- Economic (cost effectiveness analysis, etc)

Question 50

What are the 4parts to a question (PICO)

Answer 50

``` P = who is the pt and what problem is being addressed I/E = what is the intervention or exposure C = what is the comparison group O= what is the outcome or end point ``` plus study design