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EXCI 420-A > PPT 2 > Flashcards

PPT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cholera was an epidemics across europe in which century

A

16th

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2
Q

Where was cholera very notable

A

London 1840

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3
Q

When was there a major outbreak of cholera

A

1853-54

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4
Q

What was the original theory of cholera

A

cholera attributed to miasma “bad air”

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5
Q

John snow looked at what

A

looked at deaths and water pump locations

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6
Q

Where is John Snow from

A

London

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7
Q

What did John Snow believe

A

believed that the cause was drinking water contaminated with fecal waste

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8
Q

What did john snow convince local authorities to do

A

to remove the handle on the pump, less chance to contaminate

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9
Q

What happened when the pump was removed

A

outbreak subsided

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10
Q

What did John snows study consist of (number of people)

A

mortality data on 300 00 people living in london

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11
Q

Did john snow go door to door to ask who supplied water

A

yes

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12
Q

What did john snow link

A

he linked certain companies to high rates of cholera deaths

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13
Q

was it found that companies were using unfiltered water

A

yes

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14
Q

Who founded cholera

A

Robert Kock 1883

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15
Q

John Snow was the first for 3 things

A

1- epidemiologist
2- person to use statistics
3- anesthesiologist

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16
Q

What are the 3 goals of epidemiology

A

1- describe the distribution of disease
2- analyze the information to identify risk factors
3- prevent disease by modifying the identified risk factors

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17
Q

John Snows way of addressing the 6 roles

A

1- Address public health question: why are people dying
2- Conduct a study: Look at water pump locations and # of deaths
3- Collect data: Went to regions with h20 pumps and assessed death
4- Describe data: more deaths around heavily populated regions
5- Assess: When handle was removed = dec death
6- Intervention: shut down pump

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18
Q

What time of study was john’s

A

observational

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19
Q

What is physical activity epidemiology

A

PA epidemiology studies factors associated with participation in PA and how this behaviour relates to the probability of disease or injury

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20
Q

PA epidemiology example of this study:

- Longitudinal study

A

risk factors/progression

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21
Q

PA epidemiology example of this study:

- surveillance studies

A

who got sick

22
Q

PA epidemiology description of what

A

the level of PA in a population

23
Q

PA epidemiology comparison of

A

PA among populations

24
Q

PA epidemiology determination of factors…

A

Factors associated with participation in PA

25
Q

PA epidemiology investigation of the association between..

A

PA and the risk for chronic disease like CVD, stroke etc.

26
Q

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: china

A

1- China used structured exercise for health promotion. 2500 BC

27
Q

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Herodicus

A

2- Herodicus; therapeutic gymnastics and therapy based on vigorous exercise. 480 BC

28
Q

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Hippocrates

A

3-Hippocrates: father of medicine, initially criticized herodicus and later agreed on the benefit of exercise

29
Q

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Galen (2 uses of exercise)

A

Roman physician
2 uses of exercise:
- evacuation of excrements
- Production of the good condition of the firm parts of the body

30
Q

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Geronimo Mercuriali (book and ET)

A
  • 1st book De arte gymnastica on sports medicine.
  • foundation of modern rehabilitation medicine
  • vigorous exercise
31
Q

When was exercise first used as a therapy. Ex: Wiliam Heberden

A
  • exercise as a cure for heart disease
32
Q

Who said: i know one who set himself a task of sawing wood half an hour every day, and was nearly cured

A

Wiliam Heberden

33
Q

In 1953, the first article to link what to PA came out

A

to link CHD to PA

34
Q

The article was about what

A

understanding the differences between conductors and bus drivers

35
Q

Morris et al., the author of the article showed what

A

total incidence of CHD had a lower risk and so did mortality

36
Q

Morris compared what people

A

Bus drivers and conductors

postal workers

37
Q

Postmen versus telephonist/clerks who had lower CHD incidence

A

Postmen because of walking

38
Q

Harvard alumni healthy study included how many people

A

17 000 male Harvard graduates

39
Q

what were the three criteria for the study

A

1- disease free at baseline
2- reported activity, clinical history and parental history
3- followed from the late 60’s

40
Q

Results from the harvard study based off energy expenditure

A

If weekly energy expenditure increased, all cause and CVD death rates declined

41
Q

Harvard results: active men gained how many years of life up to age 80

A

1.25

42
Q

Harvard results: for each hour spent exercising each week they gained __ hours of life

A

2 hours

43
Q

Increased kcal for PA dec or inc relative risk

A

decrease

44
Q

Define risk factor

A

activity or factor that may increase the chance of developing a disease

45
Q

Define association

A

a connection of persons, things or ideas by some common factor

46
Q

Define causation

A

The act or process of causing

47
Q

Is causes part of correlation

A

yes

48
Q

how does research start

A

asking a clear focused research question

49
Q

What are the 6 types of questions/domains

A

1- etiology (cohort, case-control)
2- therapy (rct)
3- prognosis (cohort)
4- harm (cohort, case-control)
5- Diagnosis (cross-sectional, case control)
6- Economic (cost effectiveness analysis, etc)

50
Q

What are the 4parts to a question (PICO)

A 
P = who is the pt and what problem is being addressed 
I/E = what is the intervention or exposure 
C = what is the comparison group
O= what is the outcome or end point

plus study design

EXCI 420-A (7 decks)

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