PPT 4

Question 1

phenomenon in large
population when more than one wild type allele occur.

Answer 1

Genetic Polymorphism

Question 2

altered pre-existing alleles cause by random mutation that occurs in the population.

Answer 2

Mutant Alleles

Question 3

change the gene or the protein
encoded by a gene so that it gains a
new or abnormal function.

Answer 3

Gain-of-function mutations

Question 4

change a protein such that the
mutant protein acts antagonistically
to the normal protein.

Answer 4

Dominant-negative mutations

Question 5

• dominant mutant allele is a loss of-function allele.
• used to describe patterns of inheritance in which a
  heterozygote (with one functional allele and one inactive allele) exhibits an
  abnormal or disease phenotype

Answer 5

Haploinsufficiency

Question 6

a situation
in which an allele that is expected to cause a particular
phenotype does not

Answer 6

incomplete penetrance

Question 7

• The hybrid (heterozygous)
  offspring displays a THIRD
  phenotype.

Answer 7

incomplete dominance

Question 8

Neither trait is completely
dominant, as a result, there
appears to be a blending
phenotype.

Answer 8

incomplete dominance

Question 9

condition in which the
phenotype of a heterozygote is
intermediate between the
corresponding homozygous
individuals

Answer 9

incomplete dominance

Question 10

interaction between
genes that are alleles
and result in the
heterozygous
individuals being
superior to either of
the homozygous
parents.

Answer 10

overdominance

Question 11

occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Answer 11

codominance

Question 12

may exist in a population level, and
different individuals in the population may have
different pairs of these alleles.

Answer 12

multiple alleles/multiple allelism

Question 13

The gene for this trait is inherited through the X chromosome.

Answer 13

sex-influenced and sex-limited traits

Question 14

If an allele makes one of these genes nonfunctional,
or causes it to take on an abnormal, harmful activity,
it may be impossible to get a living organism with a
homozygous genotype.

Answer 14

lethal genes

Question 15

• The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism is called
• occurs when the expression of a
  single gene has two or more phenotypic effects

Answer 15

Pleiotropy

Question 16

• Phenomenon that describes how the allelic variants of two different
  genes affect a single trait.
• can exhibit epistasis and complementation.

Answer 16

gene interaction

Question 17

the interaction between genes is
antagonistic, such that one gene masks or interferes
with the expression of another.

Answer 17

epistasis

Question 18

whenever a dominant allele conceals the expression of both
recessive and dominant alleles at other loci.

Answer 18

dominant epistasis

Question 19

when the
recessive allele conceals the expressing.

Answer 19

recessive epistasis

Question 20

when genes conceal other genes by suppression.

Answer 20

dominant inhibitory

Question 21

There is a recessive allele concealing the expression of dominant alleles at two loci

Answer 21

duplicate recessive

Question 22

there is a dominant allele concealing the expression of
recessive alleles at two loci.

Answer 22

duplicate dominant

Question 23

prevalent alleles in a natural population

Answer 23

Wild Type

Question 24

phenomenon in large
population when more than one wild type allele occur.

Answer 24

Genetic Polymorphism

Question 25

altered pre-existing alleles cause by random
mutation that occurs in the population

Answer 25

Mutant Alleles

Question 26

refers to the effects of environmental
variation on a phenotype

Answer 26

norm of reaction

Question 27

a phenotype in which two different parents that express the same or similar recessive phenotypes produce offspring with a wild-type phenotype.

Answer 27

complementation

Question 28

an allele of one gene modifies the phenotypic outcome f an allele of a different gene

Answer 28

modifying gene

Question 29

the loss of function in a single gene has no phenotypic effect, but the loss of function of two genes has an effect

Answer 29

gene redundancy