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QUIZ GENE FINALS > 8, pop gentics > Flashcards

8, pop gentics Flashcards

1
Q

refers to all of the
alleles of all individuals in a
population

A

gene pool

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2
Q

Combines Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance.

A

Modern Synthesis Theory

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3
Q

study of
genetic variation within a
population.

A

Population genetics

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4
Q

Introduced by Fisher & Wright

A

Modern Synthesis Theory

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5
Q
  • GENES are responsible for inheritance
  • POPULATIONS evolve due to natural selection and genetic drift
  • SPECIATION is due to gradual accumulation of small genetic changes
A

modern synthesis theory

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6
Q

Changes occur in gene pools due to mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, etc.

A

microevolution

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7
Q

*Gene pool changes cause more VARIATION in individuals in the population.
- ex. bacteria becoming resistant

A

microevolution

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8
Q

a localized group of individuals of
the same species

A

Population

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9
Q

a group of populations whose individuals have the ability to breed and produce
fertile offspring

A

Species

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10
Q

the total of all genes
in the population at any one time.

A

gene pool

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11
Q

Used to describe a non-evolving population.

A

The Hardy-Weinberg
Theorem

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12
Q

Shuffling of alleles by meiosis and random
fertilization have no effect on the overall gene
pool.

A

The Hardy-Weinberg
Theorem

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13
Q

Assumptions of the H-W
Theorem (5)

A
  1. Large population size
  2. No migration
  3. No net mutations
  4. Random mating
  5. No natural selection
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14
Q

small populations can have
chance fluctuations in allele frequencies (e.g., fire,
storm).

A

Large population size

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15
Q

immigrants can change the
frequency of an allele by bringing in new alleles to
a population.

A

no migration

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16
Q

if alleles change from one to
another, this will change the frequency of those
alleles

A

No net mutations

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17
Q

if certain traits are more desirable,
then individuals with those traits will be selected and
this will not allow for random mixing of alleles

A

Random mating

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18
Q

if some individuals survive
and reproduce at a higher rate than others, then their
offspring will carry those genes and the frequency will
change for the next generation

A

No natural selection

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19
Q

the alteration of the gene pool of a small population due to chance.

A

Genetic drift

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20
Q

two factors causing genetic drift

A

bottleneck effect
founder effect

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21
Q

may lead to reduced genetic variability following some large disturbance that removes a large portion of the population.

A

Bottleneck effect

22
Q

The surviving population often does not represent the allele frequency in the original population.

A

Bottleneck effect

23
Q

may lead to reduced variability when a
few individuals from a large population colonize an isolated habitat.

A

Founder effect

24
Q

differential success in reproduction based on heritable traits results in selected alleles being
passed to relatively more offspring

A

Darwinian
inheritance

25
Q

The only agent that results in adaptation to environment.

A

Natural Selection

26
Q

is genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile
individuals or gametes between populations.

A

Gene Flow

27
Q

The original source of variation

A

Mutation

28
Q

existence of two or more forms of a character, in high frequencies, within a population.
Applies only to discrete characters

A

Polymorphism

29
Q

Contribution of a genotype to the next generation, compared to the contributions of alternative
genotypes for the same locus.

A

Relative fitness

30
Q

favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range. Most common
during times of environmental change or when moving to new
habitats.

A

Directional selection

31
Q

favors extreme over intermediate
phenotypes.

A

Diversifying selection

32
Q

occurs when environmental change favors an extreme
phenotype

A

Diversifying selection

33
Q

favors intermediate over extreme
phenotypes.

A

Stabilizing selection

34
Q

Reduces variation and maintains the current average

A

Stabilizing selection

35
Q

Three ways (modes of
selection) in which natural
selection can affect the
contribution that a genotype
makes to the next
generation.

A

a. Directional selection
b. Diversifying selection
c. Stabilizing selection

36
Q

the difference in appearance
between males and females of a species

A

Sexual dimorphism

37
Q

the direct competition between
members of the same sex for mates of the opposite sex.
ex. males most often having secondary sexual
equipment such as antlers that are used in competing for females

A

Intrasexual selection

38
Q

one sex is choosy when
selecting a mate of the opposite sex.
ex. sophisticated secondary
sexual characteristics; e.g., peacock feathers

A

intersexual selection

39
Q

ultimate source of genetic variation

A

Mutation

40
Q

phenotypically similar individuals mate Causes
frequencies of particular genotypes to differ from those predicted by
Hardy-Weinberg

A

assortative mating

41
Q

few individuals found new
population (small allelic pool).

A

founder effect

42
Q

drastic reduction in population,
and gene pool size.

A

bottleneck effect

43
Q

Only agent that produces adaptive
evolutionary change

A

Selection

44
Q

defined by evolutionary biologists as
the number of surviving offspring left in the next
generation.

A

Fitness

45
Q

Selection favors different phenotypes at different times

A
  • Oscillating selection
46
Q

forms of selection

A
  1. disruptive selection
  2. directional selection
  3. stabilizing selection
47
Q

Selection eliminates intermediate types.

A

Disruptive selection

48
Q

Selection eliminates one extreme from a
phenotypic array.

A

Directional selection

49
Q

Selection acts to eliminate both extremes from an
array of phenotypes.

A

Stabilizing selection

50
Q
A

QUIZ GENE FINALS (9 decks)

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