8, pop gentics

Question 1

refers to all of the
alleles of all individuals in a
population

Answer 1

gene pool

Question 2

Combines Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance.

Answer 2

Modern Synthesis Theory

Question 3

study of
genetic variation within a
population.

Answer 3

Population genetics

Question 4

Introduced by Fisher & Wright

Answer 4

Modern Synthesis Theory

Question 5

• GENES are responsible for inheritance
• POPULATIONS evolve due to natural selection and genetic drift
• SPECIATION is due to gradual accumulation of small genetic changes

Answer 5

modern synthesis theory

Question 6

Changes occur in gene pools due to mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, etc.

Answer 6

microevolution

Question 7

*Gene pool changes cause more VARIATION in individuals in the population.
- ex. bacteria becoming resistant

Answer 7

microevolution

Question 8

a localized group of individuals of
the same species

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

a group of populations whose individuals have the ability to breed and produce
fertile offspring

Answer 9

Species

Question 10

the total of all genes
in the population at any one time.

Answer 10

gene pool

Question 11

Used to describe a non-evolving population.

Answer 11

The Hardy-Weinberg
Theorem

Question 12

Shuffling of alleles by meiosis and random
fertilization have no effect on the overall gene
pool.

Answer 12

The Hardy-Weinberg
Theorem

Question 13

Assumptions of the H-W
Theorem (5)

Answer 13

1. Large population size
2. No migration
3. No net mutations
4. Random mating
5. No natural selection

Question 14

small populations can have
chance fluctuations in allele frequencies (e.g., fire,
storm).

Answer 14

Large population size

Question 15

immigrants can change the
frequency of an allele by bringing in new alleles to
a population.

Answer 15

no migration

Question 16

if alleles change from one to
another, this will change the frequency of those
alleles

Answer 16

No net mutations

Question 17

if certain traits are more desirable,
then individuals with those traits will be selected and
this will not allow for random mixing of alleles

Answer 17

Random mating

Question 18

if some individuals survive
and reproduce at a higher rate than others, then their
offspring will carry those genes and the frequency will
change for the next generation

Answer 18

No natural selection

Question 19

the alteration of the gene pool of a small population due to chance.

Answer 19

Genetic drift

Question 20

two factors causing genetic drift

Answer 20

bottleneck effect
founder effect

Question 21

may lead to reduced genetic variability following some large disturbance that removes a large portion of the population.

Answer 21

Bottleneck effect

Question 22

The surviving population often does not represent the allele frequency in the original population.

Answer 22

Bottleneck effect

Question 23

may lead to reduced variability when a
few individuals from a large population colonize an isolated habitat.

Answer 23

Founder effect

Question 24

differential success in reproduction based on heritable traits results in selected alleles being
passed to relatively more offspring

Answer 24

Darwinian
inheritance

Question 25

The only agent that results in adaptation to environment.

Answer 25

Natural Selection

Question 26

is genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations.

Answer 26

Gene Flow

Question 27

The original source of variation

Answer 27

Mutation

Question 28

existence of two or more forms of a character, in high frequencies, within a population. Applies only to discrete characters

Answer 28

Polymorphism

Question 29

Contribution of a genotype to the next generation, compared to the contributions of alternative genotypes for the same locus.

Answer 29

Relative fitness

Question 30

favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range. Most common during times of environmental change or when moving to new habitats.

Answer 30

Directional selection

Question 31

favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes.

Answer 31

Diversifying selection

Question 32

occurs when environmental change favors an extreme phenotype

Answer 32

Diversifying selection

Question 33

favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes.

Answer 33

Stabilizing selection

Question 34

Reduces variation and maintains the current average

Answer 34

Stabilizing selection

Question 35

Three ways (modes of selection) in which natural selection can affect the contribution that a genotype makes to the next generation.

Answer 35

a. Directional selection b. Diversifying selection c. Stabilizing selection

Question 36

the difference in appearance between males and females of a species

Answer 36

Sexual dimorphism

Question 37

the direct competition between members of the same sex for mates of the opposite sex. ex. males most often having secondary sexual equipment such as antlers that are used in competing for females

Answer 37

Intrasexual selection

Question 38

one sex is choosy when selecting a mate of the opposite sex. ex. sophisticated secondary sexual characteristics; e.g., peacock feathers

Answer 38

intersexual selection

Question 39

ultimate source of genetic variation

Answer 39

Mutation

Question 40

phenotypically similar individuals mate Causes frequencies of particular genotypes to differ from those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 40

assortative mating

Question 41

few individuals found new population (small allelic pool).

Answer 41

founder effect

Question 42

drastic reduction in population, and gene pool size.

Answer 42

bottleneck effect

Question 43

Only agent that produces adaptive evolutionary change

Answer 43

Selection

Question 44

defined by evolutionary biologists as the number of surviving offspring left in the next generation.

Answer 44

Fitness

Question 45

Selection favors different phenotypes at different times

Answer 45

* Oscillating selection

Question 46

forms of selection

Answer 46

1. disruptive selection 2. directional selection 3. stabilizing selection

Question 47

Selection eliminates intermediate types.

Answer 47

Disruptive selection

Question 48

Selection eliminates one extreme from a phenotypic array.

Answer 48

Directional selection

Question 49

Selection acts to eliminate both extremes from an array of phenotypes.

Answer 49

Stabilizing selection