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Step 1 > PP Neuro > Flashcards

PP Neuro Flashcards

0
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Everything else; Schawnn cells

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1
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Automatic stuff

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3
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Moving your muscles

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4
Q

What is the parasympathetic system?

A

Rest-and-digest=> slow stuff down

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5
Q

How does the parasympathetic system behave?

A 
"DUMBBLES"
Diarrhea 
Urintion
Miosis "constriction"
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Erection "point"
Lacrimation
Salivation
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6
Q

What is the sympathetic system?

A

Fight-or-Flight => speeds stuff up

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7
Q

How does the sympathetic system behave?

A 
Opposite to the parasympathetic 
Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis 
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate 
Ejaculation
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
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8
Q

What is Cushing’s triad?

A

HTN
Bradycardia
Irregular breathing

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9
Q

What is Budd-Chiari?

A

Hepatic vein obstruction

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10
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari?

A

Foramen Magnum obstruction

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11
Q

What is Anencephaly?

A

Notochord did not make contact w/brain => only have medulla

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12
Q

What is an Encephalocele?

A

Brain tissue herniation?

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13
Q

What is a Dandy Walker malformation?

A

No cerebellum

Distended 4th/ lateral ventricle

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14
Q

What is an Arnold-Chiari malformation?

A

Herniation of cerebellum through Foramen magnum
Type I: cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic)
Type II: cerebellar vermis / medulla => hydrocephalus, syringomyelia
(lost of pain /temp)

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15
Q

What is Spina bifida occulta?

A

Covered by skin w/ tuft of hair

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16
Q

What is Spina bifida aperta?

A

Has opening (high AFP)

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17
Q

What is a Meningocele?

A

Sacral pocket w/ meninges in it

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18
Q

What is a Meningomyelocele?

A

Sacral pocket w/ meninges and nerve in it

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19
Q

What is an Open-angle glaucoma?

A

Overproduction of fluid => painless ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping

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20
Q

What is Close-angle glaucoma?

A

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm => sudden onset, pain, emergency

21
Q

What are the Watershed areas?

A

Hippocampus

Splenic flexure

22
Q

What bug loves the frontal lobe?

23
Q

What bug loves the temporal lobe?

24
Q

What bug loves the parietal lobe?

A

Toxoplasma

25
Q

What bug loves the hippocampus?

26
Q

What bug loves the posterior fossa?

27
Q

What bug loves the DCML tract?

28
Q

How do migraines present?

A 
Aura
Photophobia
Numbness and tingling
Throbbing HA
Nausea
29
Q

How do tension headaches present?

A

Band like
Pain starts in posterior neck
Worst as day progresses
Sleep disturbance

30
Q

How does temporal arteritis present?

A

Pain with chewing

Blind in one eye

31
Q

How does trigeminal neuralgia presents?

A

Sharp, shooting face pain

32
Q

What are the 2 kinds of partial seizures?

A

Simple (aware)

Complex (not aware)

33
Q

What are the 3 kinds of generalized seizures?

A

Tonic-Colinic “Grand mal”
Absence “petit mal”
Status Epilepticus

34
Q

How does an epidural hematoma presents?

A

Intermittent consciousness “lucid interval”

35
Q

How does a subdural hematoma present?

A

Headache 4wks after trauma

Elderly (loos brain)

36
Q

How does a subarachnoid hemorrhage present?

A

“Worst headache of my life”

Berry aneurysm

37
Q

What is an Astrocytoma?

A 
Rosenthal fibers
#1 in kids w/ occipital headache
38
Q

What is an Ependymoma?

A

Rosettes in 4 ventricles

Hydrocephalus

39
Q

What is a Craniopharyngioma?

A 
Motor oil biopsy
Tooth enamel
Rathke's pouch
ADH problem
Bitemporal hemianopsia
40
Q

What is Glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Pseudopalisading
Necrosis
Worst prognosis
Intralesional hemorrhage

41
Q

What is a Hemandioblastoma?

A

Cerebellum

Von-Hippel-Lindau

42
Q

What is a Medulloblastoma?

A

Pseudorosettes
Compresses brain
Early morning vomiting

43
Q

What is Meningioma?

A

Parasagital
Psammoma bodies
Whirling pattern
Best prognosis

44
Q

What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?

A

From lung, breast, skin; see at white-grey junction

45
Q

What is an Oligodendroglioma?

A

Fried-egg appearance

Nodular calcification

46
Q

What is a Pinealoma?

A

Loss of upward gaze

Loss of circadian rhythms => precocious puberty

47
Q

What is a Schwannoma?

A

CN8 tumor

Unilateral deafness

48
Q

What is Neurofibromatosis?

A

Cafe au lait spots (Hyperpigmentation) => peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckle
Type I “Von Recklinghausen’s”: Peripheral (chr#17), optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis
Type II “Acoustic Neuroma”: central (chr#22), cataracts, bilateral deafness

49
Q

What is Stutge-Weber?

A

Port wine stain ( hypopigmentation) on forehead, angioma of retina

50
Q

What is Tuberous Sclerosis?

A 
Ashen leaf spots (hypopigmentation) 
1st brain tumor
Heart rhabdomyomas
Renal cell CA
Shagreen spots (leathery)

Step 1 (17 decks)

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