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Step 1 > PP Micro > Flashcards

PP Micro Flashcards

0
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

< 10 epithelial cells and > 25 leukocytes per low power field

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1
Q

How do you know it’s an anaerobe?

A

Gas

Bad odor

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2
Q

What bugs causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus ( attacks healthy valves)

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3
Q

What bug causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Strep viridians ( attack damage valves)

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4
Q

How do you diagnose Rheumatic fever?

A

Need at least 2 “SPECC”

  • subcutaneous nodules
  • Polyarthritis
  • erythema marginatum ( red margins)
  • chorea (Sydenham’s)
  • carditis ( MS > AS > TS )
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5
Q

What are the only Gram - diplococci?

A

Neisseria

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6
Q

What is the only Gram + diplococci?

A

Strep pneumo

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7
Q

What bugs cause heart block infection?

A

“Don’t TeLL Chaga”

  • diphtheria
  • typhoid fever ( salmonella typhii)
  • legionella
  • Lyme disease
  • Chaga’s disease
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8
Q

What are the IgA protease bugs?

A

Strep pneumo
H. Influenza
Neisseria Catt.

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9
Q

What do the IgA protease bugs cause?

A

Sinusitis
otitis media
Pneumonia
Bronchitis

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10
Q

What are the simple Gram - bugs?

A

” simple HE “

  • H. Influenza
  • E. Coli
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11
Q

What are the atypical ( no cell wall) bacteria?

A

“CLUMsy”

  • chlamydia
  • legionella
  • ureaplasma
  • mycoplasma
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12
Q

What is the only Gram + endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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13
Q

What is the only Gram - exotoxin?

A

H. Influenza

Bordetella pertussis

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14
Q

What are the spore forming Gram + bacteria?

A

Bacillus anthracis

Clostridium botulinum

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15
Q

What bugs cause walking pneumonia?

A

“Come My Love for a walk”

  • 0-2mo: Chlamydia pn.
  • 10-30 y: Mycoplasma pn.
  • > 40 y: Legionella pn.
  • AIDS/Premies: Pneumo Jirovecii
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16
Q

What causes Cryolgobulinemia?

A

“I AM HE”

  • influenza
  • adenovirus
  • mycoplasma
  • hep. B, C
  • EBV
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17
Q

What are the Silver Stainers?

A

” HaLV-C = Comma”

  • H. Pylori
  • Listeria
  • Vibro
  • Campylobacter
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18
Q

What bacteria cause diarrhea < 8h after introduction?

A

“CBS”

  • Clostridium
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Staph aureus
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19
Q

What are the Gram - capsule?

A

“Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsule”

  • salmonella
  • klebsiella
  • H. Influenza B
  • pseudomonas
  • neisseria
  • citobacter
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20
Q

What is the Gram + capsule?

A

Strep pneumo

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21
Q

What are the Urease + bugs?

A

“Urease PPUNCH”

  • proteus
  • pseudomonas
  • ureoplasma
  • nocardia
  • cryptococcus
  • H. Pylori
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22
Q

What bugs cause Monocytosis?

A

” STELS”

  • syphilis
  • TB
  • EBV
  • Listeria
  • Salmonela
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23
Q

What are the Big Mama Anaerobes?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Strep. Bovis
C. Septicum

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24
Q

What bugs disrupt G protein?

A

Perturris: inhibits Gi
Cholera: stimulates Gs
E. Coli: stimulates Gs

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25
Q

What bug is associated w/ cat scratch?

A

Bortonella henselae

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26
Q

What bug is associated w/ cat saliva?

A

Pasturella multocida

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27
Q

What bug is associated w/ cat pee?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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28
Q

What bug is associated w/ cat caca?

A

Toxic area cati

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29
Q

What disease are cause by the Ixodes Tick?

A

Lyme disease - bull’s eye lesion
Babesiosis - hemolytic anemia
Ehrlichiosis - puncture near eye

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30
Q

What bugs cause hospital abscesses?

A

Day 1-3: Staph aureus -> lost of O2
Day 4-7: Step viridians -> no enzyme
Day >7: Anaerobe -> PMNs

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31
Q

What kind of patients does Staph and Pseudomonas like to attack?

A

DM
Cystic fibrosis pts
Burn pts
Neutropenia pts

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32
Q

What disease have granulomas?

A 
TB
Sarcoidosis 
Syphilis
Histocytosis X
The ella's
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33
Q

What disease provide malaria protection?

A

Sickle cell : AAs

G-6PD: Mediterranean

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34
Q

What bug causes multiple liver abscesses?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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35
Q

What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?

A

Citrobacter

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36
Q

What has multiple lung aneurysm?

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu

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37
Q

What bugs cause Loesffler syndrome?

A

“NASSA”

  • necator americanus
  • ancylostoma duodenal
  • schistosomiasis
  • strongyloides
  • ascaris lumbricoides
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38
Q

What is the symptom of Loeffler syndrome?

A

Pulmonary eosinophilia

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39
Q

What is PIE syndrome?

A

Pulmonary infiltrate w/ Eosinophilia

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40
Q

What disease have PIE syndrome?

A

Aspergillus
Loeffler
Churg-Strauss

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41
Q

What disease does Coxsackie A cause?

A

Hand-Foot-Mooth disease

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42
Q

What disease does Coxsackie B cause?

A

Endocarditis

DM type 1

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43
Q

What bugs cause Meningitis?

A 
0-2mo: "baby BEL"
- group B strep
- E. Coli
- Listeria
> 2mo: strep pneumo
10-21y/o: N. Meningitidis
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44
Q

What are the CSF lbs values for Meningitis?

A

PMNs-> bacteria
T cells/ MP -> non-bacterial
Normal glucose - > viral

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45
Q

What does the Hep B Core AG tell you?

A

Gone before pt has symptoms ( 2 mo)

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46
Q

What does the Core Ab tell you?

A

Past infection

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47
Q

What does the Surface Ag tell you?

A

Current infection

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48
Q

What does the Surface Ab tell you?

A

Vaccination has occurred

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49
Q

What does the E Ag tell you?

A

Transmissibility / infectivity

50
Q

What does the E Ab tell you?

A

Low transmissibility

51
Q

What antibody show current Hep A infection?

A

IgM

52
Q

Urease + Bacteria?

A 
"PPUNCHES"
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Cryptococcus neoformans
H. Pylori
S. Saprofiticus
53
Q

What antibody shows past Hep A infection?

A

IgG

54
Q

What type of people does Hep E like to infect?

A

Pregnant women

Asians

55
Q

What is associated w/Staph aureus?

A 
Cellulitis
Dairy products
Gold pigment
Endocarditis
Styles
Hordeolum (on eyelid)
56
Q

What is associated w/ Strep pyogenes?

A

“LINES”
ASO
Hyaluronic acid capsule

57
Q

What is associated w/ Staph epidermidis?

A

Central lines
VP shunt
White pigment

58
Q

What is associated w/ Propionibacterium?

A

Acne

Progesterone => prop ionic acid

59
Q

What is associated w/ Pasteurella Multicoda?

A

Cat/ dog saliva => cellulitis w/ lymphadenitis

60
Q

What is associated with Staph saprophyticus?

A

Female UTIs, honeymooners cystitis

61
Q

What is associated w/ Hemophilus aegyptus?

A

Swollen eyeball w/ pus

62
Q

What is associated w/ Francisella tularensis?

A

Ulcers at rabbit or deer tick bite site

63
Q

What is associated w/ Pseudomonas aeruginosa ?

A 
Otitis external
Ecthyma granulosum
Loves rubber
Whirlpool folliculitis
ADP ribosylates EF-2
64
Q

What is associated w/ Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Otitis media

Red bulging tympanic membrane

65
Q

What is associated w/ Fusobacterium?

A

Painful mouth ulcers
Gum pus
Vincent’s angina

66
Q

What is associated w/ Strep mutans?

A

Dental cavities

67
Q

What is associated w/ Strep viridians?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Green pigment

68
Q

What is associated w/ Strep salivarius?

A

Cold agglutinin test

69
Q

What is associated w/ Strep pyogenes?

A

Rheumatic fever, strain 12 => PSGN

70
Q

What is associated w/ Group C strep?

A

Pharyngitis

71
Q

What is associated w/ Corynebacterium?

A 
Chinese letters
Gray pseudomembrane 
Suffocation
ADP ribosylates EF2
Heart block
Leek test
72
Q

What is associated w/ Strep pneumonia?

A

Gram + diplococci
Rusty sputum
IgA protease
Vaccine covers 23 strains

73
Q

What is associated w/ H. Influenza?

A

Gram - pleomorphic rod
Factor V/X
5C-ribose capsule
B-type: meningitis, Epiglotitis, sepsis

74
Q

What is associated w/ N. Catarrhalis?

A

Loves mucus -> attacks respiratory tract

75
Q

What is associated w/ Chlamydia psittaci?

A

Parakeets, parrots

76
Q

What is associated w/ Chlamydia pneumonia?

A

Staccato coughing

Elementary and reticulate bodies

77
Q

What is associated w/ Mycoplasma?

A

Bullous miringitis
Ground-glass CXR
P1 protein
Erythema multiforme

78
Q

What is associated w/ Legionella pneumonia?

A 
AC ducts
Silver stain lung
CYEA
Pontiac fever
Legionnaire pneumonia
79
Q

What is associated w/ Pneumocystis Jiroveciinia?

A

AIDS/ Premies
Rusty sputum
Silver stains lung
Increase LDH

80
Q

What is associated w/ Clostridium botulinum?

A 
Canned food
Honey
Inhibits ACh release
Resp. Failure
Stool toxins
81
Q

What is associated w/ Clostridium tetani?

A 
Rusty nail wounds
Inhibits Gly release 
Resp. Failure
Risus sardonicus
Tennis racquet shape
82
Q

What is associated w/ Bordetella pertussis?

A

Whooping cough

ADP ribosylates Gi

83
Q

What is associated w/ Bacillus anthracis?

A

Black eschar
Woolsorter’s lung disease
D-Glu
Boxcar-like spore

84
Q

What is associated w/ H. Pylori?

A

Duodenal ulcer

85
Q

What is associated w/ Slamonella?

A 
Raw chicken & eggs
Turtles 
Rose typhoid spots
H2S
Sickle cell osteomyelitis
86
Q

What is associated w/ Campylobacter jejuni?

A 
Raw chicken & eggs
Very bloody diarrhea 
Inactivated bay gastric juice
Guillain-Barre
Seagull-shape
87
Q

What is associated w/ clostridium perfringens?

A

Holiday ham & turkey
DM gas gangrene
Soil/ feces

88
Q

What is associated w/ Bacillus cereus?

A

Fried rice

Pre-formed toxin

89
Q

What is associated w/ Listeria Monocytogenes?

A 
Raw cabbage
Hot dog
Spoiled milk
Migrant workers=> heart block
Meningitis
Abortions
90
Q

What is associated w/ Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

Raw fish

91
Q

What is associated w/ actinomyces?

A

Face fistulas

Sulfur granules

92
Q

What is associated w/ Vibrio vulnificus?

A

Raw oysters

Cellulitis in swimmer’s cuts

93
Q

What is associated w/ Shiguella?

A

Day care outbreaks
Seizures
Destroys 60S ribosome
Infects M cells

94
Q

What is associated w/ Vibrio cholera?

A

Rice water diarrhea

ADP rybosilates Gs

95
Q

What is associated w/ Clostridium difficile?

A

Explosive diarrhea = Pseudomembranous colitis

96
Q

What is associated w/ Yersinia enterocolitica?

A

Presents like Apendicitis + Reiter’s

Bloody diarrhea

97
Q

What is associated w/ Strep bovis?

A

Colon cancer

Black pigment

98
Q

What is associated w/ Clostridium seticum?

A

Colon cancer

99
Q

What is associated w/ ETEC?

A

Traveler’s => rice-water diarrhea

100
Q

What is associated w/ EHETC?

A

Hemorrhagic => renal failure

101
Q

What is associated w/ EIEC?

A

Inflammatory => loose stool

102
Q

What is associated w/ EPEC?

A

Pathogenic => newborn diarrhea

103
Q

What is associated w/ E. Coli?

A

Raw hamburger
ADP rybosilates Gs
Verotoxin
HUS

104
Q

What is associated w/ Proteus mirabilis?

A

Staghorn calculus

UTI

105
Q

What is associated w/ Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Alcoholic
Currant jelly sputum
UTI
Lung fissures

106
Q

What is associated w/ Staph saprophyticus?

A

Young and collage girls UTIs

107
Q

What is associated w/ Enterococcus?

A

UTI

Infective endocarditis post GI/ GU procedure

108
Q

What is associated w/ N. Meningitidis?

A

DIC
Pili
Release toxin in log phase

109
Q

What is associated w/ Brucella?

A

Farmers/ vet
Spiking fever 5x/day
Animal placenta

110
Q

What is associated w/ R. Rikettsii?

A

Ticks => Rocky Mountain spotted fever

111
Q

What is associated w/ R. Akari?

A

Mites => flesh papules

112
Q

What is associated w/ R. Typhi?

A

Fleas

Starts in armpit

113
Q

What is associated w/ R. Prowazekii?

A

Lice

Starts on body

114
Q

What is associated w/ R. Tssutsugamushi?

A

Mites => scrub typhus

115
Q

What is associated w/ Coxiella busrnetii?

A

Dusty barn => Q fever

116
Q

What is associated w/ Yersenia pestis?

A

Rats
Fleas
Bubonic plague

117
Q

What is associated w/Bartonella henselae?

A

Cat scratch => single painful lymph node

Silver stain

118
Q

What is associated w/ Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Post-op bowel abscess

Grows in blood clots

119
Q

What is associated w/ Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Neonatal inturned eyelashes/ cornea ulcers

120
Q

What is associated w/ N. Gonorrhea?

A

Pili
Urethritis
Tenovitis
Septic arthritis

121
Q

Enterobacteriaceae?

A

(E. Coli, Salmonela, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia Proteus)

  • Gram (-)
  • All have somatic (O) antigen
  • Capsular (K) antigen
  • Flagelar (H) antigen
  • All ferment glucose
  • All are oxidative (-)
122
Q

What bugs cause Food poisoning?

A

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus & V. Vulnificus ( contaminated seafood)
Bacillus Cereus ( reheated rice)
S. Aureus (meats, mayonnaise and custard)
Clostridium Perfringens ( reheated meat)
C. Botulinum ( canned food)
E. Coli O157:H7 ( undercooked meat)
Salmonella ( poultry, meat and eggs)

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