Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > pp 42 2020 > Flashcards

pp 42 2020 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define the term sensitivity [2]

A

(the ability to) detect stimuli (in the internal / external environment) ; to make (appropriate) responses ;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the term sense organ. [2]

A

groups of receptor cells ; responding to specific stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the name of the part of the retina labelled X. fig 1.1

A

fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the roles of the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments in focusing on a distant object, as shown in Fig. 1.2. [5]

A

(ciliary) muscles relax ;
suspensory ligaments contract ;
so ligaments pull on lens ;
lens is,flatter;
light is refracted less ;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the changes that occur in the eye when the light becomes bright, as shown in Fig. 1.3. [3]

A

size of pupil, decreases in bight light;
circular muscles (of iris) contract ;
radial muscles (of iris) relax ;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the change shown in Fig. 1.3 occurs automatically without thought. State the name given to this type of action.

A

reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fig. 2.1 is a vertical section of a human molar tooth and surrounding structures.

State the names of the parts labelled A

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fig. 2.1 is a vertical section of a human molar tooth and surrounding structures.

State the names of the part labelled B

A

dentine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fig. 2.1 is a vertical section of a human molar tooth and surrounding structures.

State the names of the part labelled C

A

pulp cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fig. 2.1 is a vertical section of a human molar tooth and surrounding structures.

State the names of the part labelled D

A

gum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe and explain the function of molar teeth. [3]

A

physical digestion

crushes food

increases surface area of food for chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how tooth decay occurs. [4]

A

food e.g. chocolate remains on teeth

bacteria breakdown sugars

acid is produced

acid dissolves enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define herbivore

A

feeds on plants / producers / / autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define producer

A

makes own food / photosynthesis / autotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define a quaternary /4th consumer

A

feeds on tertiary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define secondary consumer

A

gets energy from / feeds on, primary consumers / herbivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State the term given to the group of organisms represented by Z in Fig. 3.2.

A

decomposers e.g. fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain, with reference to Fig. 3.2, why food chains usually have fewer than five trophic levels. [5]

A

small percentage of energy from sun is ’fixed’ by photosynthesis

most energy from sun not available

energy is lost, between trophic levels

energy lost in respiration

would be very small population of predators in fifth trophic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intensive livestock production can be damaging to natural ecosystems.

Describe the negative impact on an ecosystem of the intensive production of livestock, such as chickens. [6]

A

effect of waste (faeces and urine) on, waterways / crops

loss of biodiversity

release of, CO2

named consequence ; e.g. climate change / global warming

providing food for livestock requires monocultures ;

deforestation / habitat loss ;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Forests are cleared for farmland. Deforestation can lead to a loss of soil (soil erosion). Explain the effects of soil erosion on ecosystems. [6]

A

1 silting of rivers ;

2 landslides / mudslides ;

3 soil does not absorb (rain)water / increased risk of flooding ;

4 increased rate of evaporation / land is exposed to drying ;

5 desertification

6 reduction in transpiration ;

21
Q

Yeast cells have many structures in common with a plant cell. Fig. 4.1 is a drawing of a yeast cell.

State the names of the cell structures labelled A and D on Fig. 4.1.

A

A (rough) endoplasmic reticulum ; D (sap) vacuole

22
Q

State the functions of the cell structures labelled B and C on Fig. 4.1.

A

B nucleus – store of, DNA ; controls protein synthesis in) the cell ;

C / mitochondrion – (aerobic) respiration ; provides, energy ;

23
Q

State the name of one structure that is found in plant cells but is absent in yeast cells.

A

chloroplast

24
Q

Yeast is used in the production of ethanol to manufacture a type of biofuel.

Fig. 4.2 is a flow chart of the process.

State the names of enzymes S and T.

A

S – amylase ; T – maltase ;

25
Q

Complete the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast.

A

C6H12 O6 -> 2 (C2H5OH) + 2CO2

26
Q

Suggest the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels. [4]

A

1 conserves fossil fuels ;

2 fossil fuels are not renewable / biofuels are renewable ;

3 maize / plants, uses carbon dioxide (from the atmosphere) ;

less likely to cause acid rain

27
Q

Fig 4.2 Carbon dioxide may be collected from process U and sold for use in glasshouses. Explain why carbon dioxide is used in glasshouses [5]

A

1 carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis ;

2 (more carbon dioxide =) faster rate of photosynthesis ;

3 (more carbon dioxide) more glucose / starch / organic molecules, is produced ;

4 carbon dioxide (concentration) is a limiting factor

5 prevents concentration falling below that of atmosphere

28
Q

FSH site of production?

A

pituitary gland

29
Q

FHS target organ

A

Ovary

30
Q

FSH role

A

(stimulates) development of egg or ovum / ref. to secretion of oestrogen

31
Q

LH site of production

A

pituitary gland

32
Q

LH target organ

A

ovary

33
Q

LH role 2

A

(stimulates) ovulation
/ ref. to secretion of progesterone (and oestrogen) ;

34
Q

Oestrogen site of production

A

ovary ; placenta

35
Q

oestrogen target organ

A

uterus

36
Q

oestrogen role

A

stimulates growth of the lining of the uterus

37
Q

progesterone site of production

A

ovary ; A placenta

38
Q

progesterone target organ

A

uterus

39
Q

progesterone role?

A

maintains the lining of the uterus

40
Q

Fig. 5.1 shows the changes in the lining of the uterus of a human female.

Describe the changes in the lining of the uterus between days 0 and 7

A

decrease in thickness ; decreases quickest between days 0 and 3

41
Q

Fig. 5.1 shows the changes in the lining of the uterus of a human female.

Describe the changes in the lining of the uterus between days 7 and 28 .

A

increase in thickness ; remains at same thickness from day, 21

42
Q

Some people are infertile. Artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are two methods of fertility treatment. These two methods are outlined in Fig. 5.2.

Describe the similarities between the two processes of fertility treatment shown in Fig. 5.2. [4]

A

treatment with fertility drugs

(fertility drugs) encourage, follicle production / egg development ;

intercourse does not occur ;

collection of sperm (from a donor)

43
Q

Some people are infertile. Artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are two methods of fertility treatment. These two methods are outlined in Fig. 5.2.

Describe the differences between the two processes of fertility treatment shown in Fig. 5.2. [5]

A

ovulation occurs in AI

fertilisation in AI occurs inside the body / in IVF it occurs in, a Petri dish or outside the body or A W

eggs removed (from ovary) in IVF

embryo starts development outside body in IVF

embryo inserted into uterus in IVF

44
Q

State the letter of the DNA base that pairs with A

A

T

45
Q

State the letter of the base that pairs with C

A

G

46
Q

Outline the roles of DNA in a cell. [3]

A

store of genetic information

sequence of bases in DNA codes for sequence of amino acids

transfer of information to daughter cells (during mitosis) ;

47
Q

Cell H in Fig. 6.2 is about to divide by mitosis. State what happens to the chromosomes in cell H before mitosis takes place and state why it is necessary.

A

each chromosome is duplicatedto maintain the same number of chromosomes

48
Q

Cell K in fig 6.2 is about to divide into two cells. State the structures that will form between the nuclei so that the cell divides into two cells. [2]

A

cell membrane ; cell wall

49
Q

Cell J in Fig. 6.2 is an example of a diploid cell. State what is meant by the term diploid.

A

(a diploid cell has) two sets of chromosomes

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions