4 also PP 22 2021

Question 1

The bonobo and the chimpanzee are two closely related species.
What is the most accurate method of deciding how closely related species are?

Answer 1

compare the base sequences of their DNA

Question 2

Scientists discover a new species of animal.
It has a segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment.
To which group of animals does this new species belong?

Answer 2

myriapods

Question 3

Which part of a plant cell makes glucose?

Answer 3

chloroplast

Question 4

By which process do oxygen and carbon dioxide move between cells and capillaries?

Answer 4

diffusion

Question 5

Which process is involved in the uptake of glucose by the epithelial cells of kidney tubules?

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

Which element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates?

Answer 6

nitrogen

Question 7

Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, but it is not digested in the stomach.
What is the reason for this?

Answer 7

The pH in the stomach is not suitable for the amylase to work.

Question 8

13 pg 5 plant with striped leaves was kept in bright light for six hours. Which diagram shows the result of the test?

Answer 8

A

Question 9

Statements 1 to 4 describe stages in the development of cholera.
1 Chloride ions are secreted into the gut.
2 Osmosis causes water to move into the gut.
3 The infected person becomes dehydrated.
4 Toxins are produced by the pathogenic bacteria.

What is the correct sequence of the four stages?

Answer 9

4 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3

Question 10

16. pg 6 The diagram shows part of the human body. Which statement about organs X and Y is correct?

Answer 10

X absorbs more water from food than Y.

Question 11

Which sequence describes the pathway taken by water as it moves through a plant? 4

A root hair cell > xylem > root cortex cell > mesophyll
B mesophyll > xylem > root cortex cell >root hair cell
C root cortex cell > root hair cell > xylem > mesophyll
D root hair cell > root cortex cell > xylem > mesophyll

Answer 11

root hair cell > root cortex cell > xylem > mesophyll

Question 12

What is source?

Answer 12

where energy comes from

Question 13

what is sink?

Answer 13

where energy goes

Question 14

How does blood enter the heart?

Answer 14

through veins into the atria

Question 15

What is the sequence of organs that blood passes through during one circulation of the body of a
fish?
A muscle  heart  gill  muscle
B muscle  gill  heart  muscle
C muscle  heart  gill  heart  muscle
D muscle  gill  heart  gill  muscle

Answer 15

muscle -> heart -> gill -> muscle

Question 16

21 A child is vaccinated against measles. After a period of time the child is infected with the measles
virus.
The graph shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the child’s bloodstream during this
time.

Answer 16

After the vaccination, the child produced memory cells.

Question 17

Which sequence of changes takes place when we breathe in? 3

A diaphragm contracts  volume of thorax increases  pressure in lungs decreases
B diaphragm contracts  volume of thorax increases  pressure in lungs increases
C diaphragm relaxes  volume of thorax increases  pressure in lungs decreases
D diaphragm relaxes  volume of thorax increases  pressure in lungs increases

Answer 17

diaphragm contracts > volume of thorax increases > pressure in lungs decreases

Question 18

What is the link between muscle contraction, protein synthesis and the maintenance of a constant body temperature?

Answer 18

They require energy.

Question 19

After vigorous exercise, an athlete continues to breathe deeply during the recovery period.
During this recovery period the oxygen debt is removed.
Which reaction is used to remove the oxygen debt?

Answer 19

aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

Question 20

25 pg 9 The diagram shows some of the organs in the human body. what is the function of 1?

Answer 20

excretes carbon dioxide

Question 21

25 pg 9 The diagram shows some of the organs in the human body. what is the function of 2?

Answer 21

produces urea

Question 22

25 pg 9 The diagram shows some of the organs in the human body. what is the function of 3?

Answer 22

excretes urea

Question 23

A person’s skin looks more red in a warm environment than it does in a cool environment.
Which explanation is correct?

A The arterioles supplying capillaries in the skin vasodilate and less blood flows to the skin surface.
B The arterioles supplying capillaries in the skin vasodilate and more blood flows to the skin surface.
C The arterioles supplying capillaries in the skin vasoconstrict and more blood flows to the skin surface.
D The arterioles supplying capillaries in the skin vasoconstrict and less blood flows to the skin surface.

Answer 23

The arterioles supplying capillaries in the skin vasodilate and more blood flows to the skin surface.

Question 24

28 The diagram shows a plant next to a window.

Answer 24

There is a higher concentration of auxin in the cells on the shaded side of the shoot. This stimulates cell elongation.

Question 25

Modern agricultural methods often use artificial insemination (AI) to breed dairy cattle. Which statement describes the process of artificial insemination?

A Sperm is collected from a bull and frozen. The sperm is later inserted into the vagina of a cow.
B Eggs are removed from a cow and fertilised using sperm from a bull. The fertilised eggs are reinserted into the uterus of the cow.
C Male and female cows with desired characteristics are chosen to mate.
D Embryos are removed from the uterus of the cow. The embryos are frozen and stored for future use

Answer 25

Sperm is collected from a bull and frozen. The sperm is later inserted into the vagina of a cow.

Question 26

32 pg 13 The Tasmanian devil is an animal with seven pairs of chromosomes in each body cell.
The diagram shows the chromosomes in a cell from a Tasmanian devil. Which statement is correct?

Answer 26

The cell is a haploid cell with no pairs of chromosomes.

Question 27

Some statements about mitosis are listed.
1 Cells divide and produce new cells to repair damaged tissues.
2 Chromosomes are duplicated and the cell separates to form gametes.
3 Chromosomes are duplicated and the cell separates to form genetically identical cells.
4 Mitosis is used in asexual reproduction.
Which statements are correct?

Answer 27

1, 3 and 4

Question 28

Which feature would help a plant to survive in a dry environment?
A large leaves
B many stomata
C small roots
D thick waxy cuticle

Answer 28

D thick waxy cuticle

Question 29

Which type of energy is passed from organism to organism in a food chain?

Answer 29

chemical

Question 30

38 pg 14 The diagram shows a food web. How many organisms feed at more than one trophic level?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

Bacteria can be used to make human proteins.
Which statement explains why this is possible when a human gene is placed in a bacterial cell?

Answer 31

Bacteria have the same genetic code as humans.

Question 32

The process of eutrophication begins with the increased availability of nitrate ions and other ions
in water.
The processes involved in eutrophication are listed.
1 increased aerobic respiration by decomposers
2 increased death of producers due to lack of light
3 rapid growth of producers
4 oxygen concentration in the water decreases and more organisms die

Answer 32

3 > 2 > 1 > 4