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Biology > 1 paper 22 2022 > Flashcards

1 paper 22 2022 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All living organisms release energy from nutrient molecules within their cells.
What is the name of this characteristic?

A

respiration

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2
Q

How many petals does a monocotyledon flower have?

A

6/multiples of 3

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3
Q

Name two strctres that plant and animal cells have in common

A

Nucleus and membrane

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4
Q

By which process does oxygen move from a region of higher concentration in the alveoli to a region of lower concentration in the blood?

A

diffusion

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5
Q

6 The diagram shows a section through a mesophyll cell of a leaf. Which part is partially permeable?

A

cel membrane

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6
Q

What are the smaller basic units of starch molcules?

A

glucose

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7
Q

What are the smaller basic units of glycogen molecules?

A

glucose

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8
Q

8 pg 4 A chromosome was analysed and found to have 6125 pairs of bases. The type of each base was
identified and 2345 of the bases were G.

A

3780

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9
Q

Which type of molecule are enzymes made of?

A

proteins

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10
Q

Which statement describes the effect of high temperature on enzymes?

A High temperatures denature enzymes making it difficult for substrate molecules to fit into the
active site.
B High temperatures denature enzymes making it easy for substrate molecules to fit into the
active site.
C Low temperatures denature enzymes making it difficult for substrate molecules to fit into the
active site.
D Low temperatures denature enzymes making it easy for substrate molecules to fit into the
active site.

A

High temperatures denature enzymes making it difficult for substrate molecules to fit into the
active site.

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11
Q

Describe the events that occur in a plant after light energy is absorbed
by chlorophyll. 4

A

converted to chemical energy, glucose is produced, converted to sucrose for translocation, starch is stored in the roots or seeds

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12
Q

A deficiency of magnesium ions can cause plant leaves to become yellow between the leaf veins. What is the reason for this?

A

decreased chlorophyll production

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13
Q

What is a reason for why Vitamin D is needed?

A

bone growth

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14
Q

What is a reason for why water is needed in the body?

A

transport

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15
Q

What is a reason for why fat is needed in the body?

A

insulation

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16
Q

Which process involves the removal of material from the rectum?

A

egestion

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17
Q

Which set of conditions of temp and humidity would give the highest rate of transpiration and the greatest decrease
in mass of a plant?

A

warm temperature, low humidity

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18
Q

People are sometimes born with a ‘hole in the heart’. This is caused by a gap in the septum. If the gap in the septum is not repaired, it causes the person to become breathless more quickly. What is a possible explanation for this?

A

Oxygenated blood in the left ventricle mixes with deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle.

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19
Q

What substance forms a mesh to prevent blood loss and pathogen entry during blood clotting?

A

fibrin

20
Q

What is converted to fibrin during blood cotting?

A

fibrinogen

21
Q

What is an example of passive immunity?

A

giving chickenpox antibodies to people at risk of developing a severe infection

22
Q

What happens at the start of inspiration? 4

A

internal intercostal muscles relax, external intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm contracts, volume of thorax increases

23
Q

What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration in seeds?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

24
Q

During vigorous exercise, lactic acid builds up in muscles leading to an oxygen debt.
Which statement describes a stage in the removal of the oxygen debt during recovery?
A Anaerobic respiration breaks down lactic acid in the muscles.
B Aerobic respiration breaks down lactic acid in the muscles.
C Anaerobic respiration breaks down lactic acid in the liver.
D Aerobic respiration breaks down lactic acid in the liver

A

Aerobic respiration breaks down lactic acid in the liver.

25
Q

What percentage of sodium ions which pass through the glomerulus is reabsorbed

A

99%

26
Q

What is the glomerulus

A

main filtering unit of the kidney

27
Q

the concentration of sodium ions in blood plasma is 141, in glomerular filtrate (the
liquid that passes through the glomerulus) is 141 and in urine is 127. What is the percentage concentration of sodium ions reabsorbed in the kidney tubules?

A

9.9%

28
Q

what effect does adrenaline have on blood glucose concentration

A

blood glucose concentration increases

29
Q

what effect does adrenaline have on pulse rate?

A

pulse rate increases

30
Q

What hormone does the pancreas release when blood glucose concentration falls too low?

A

glucagon

31
Q

What does glucagon do when blood glucose concentration falls too low?

A

breaks down glycogen to glucose, which is released into the blood.

32
Q

A young maize seedling is grown from a seed. The seedling is placed on its side and left in a room with a light source for several days. What will happen to the young shoot?

A

Auxin becomes concentrated in the lower part of the shoot and the shoot grows towards
the light.

33
Q

What is an adaptive feature of sperm?

A

enzymes in the acrosome

34
Q

what statements describe asexual reproduction in plants?
1 It promotes genetic variation.
2 It requires self-pollination.
3 It requires meiosis.
4 It produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
5 It allows the population to increase rapidly.

A

It produces offspring that are identical to the parent. It allows the population to increase rapidly.

35
Q

what statements describe sexual reproduction in plants? 2
1 It promotes genetic variation.
2 It requires self-pollination.
3 It requires meiosis.
4 It produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
5 It allows the population to increase rapidly.

A

It promotes genetic variation. It requires meiosis.

36
Q

What is the order of hormones produced during the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone

37
Q

Before meiosis takes place, a cell has 24 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes will be found in each of the cells that are produced by meiosis?

A

12

38
Q

When a horse with red hair (genotype HRHR) breeds with a horse with white hair (genotype
HWHW) the offspring have red and white hair (genotype HRHW). These horses are described as
having roan-coloured hair. This is an example of codominance.
When two horses with roan-coloured hair are bred together, what is the chance of their offspring
also having roan-coloured hair?

A

50%

39
Q

32 page 12 What is an adaptive feature of this hydrophyte?
A no stomata on the upper surface or the lower surface of the leaves
B a network of large air spaces inside the leaves
C leaf stalks containing many xylem vessels for support
D a thick waxy cuticle on the lower surface of the leaves

A

a network of large air spaces inside the leaves

40
Q

Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder which results in severe illness in homozygous
individuals. In some human populations, being heterozygous can be beneficial. What could be the reason for this?

A

Heterozygous individuals are more resistant to malaria.

41
Q

Which statement about selective breeding is correct?

A It does not involve humans.
B It involves a struggle for survival.
C It always involves only one parent.
D It involves parents that possess desirable features.

A

D It involves parents that possess desirable features.

42
Q
  1. pg 13 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Which process is shown by the arrows labelled X?
A

respiration

43
Q

A herd of red deer live in a forest that contains snakes and a large variety of birds.
Which group of organisms is an example of a population?

A all the animals in the forest
B all the red deer in the forest
C all the organisms in the forest
D all the plants in the forest

A

all the red deer in the forest

44
Q

With which kingdoms do bacteria share the same genetic code?

A

animal, plant, fungus and protoctist

45
Q

Which process makes use of a genetically engineered organism?
A using bacteria to produce insulin
B using enzymes in biological washing powders
C using pectinase in fruit juice production
D using yeast to produce ethanol

A

A

46
Q

39 What is a reason for conserving plant species?
A to absorb oxygen from the air
B to decrease rainfall
C to obtain drugs for medicinal use
D to release carbon dioxide into the air

A

C

47
Q

40 pg 14 The food web shows the feeding relationships in a woodland. If all the chaffinches in the food web die, which effect would this have? A The amount of damage to trees will increase.
B The food supply for grey squirrels will increase.
C The number of wood pigeons will increase.
D The population of caterpillars will decrease.

A

The amount of damage to trees will increase.

Biology (10 decks)

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