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Pathological Processes > PP 3 Histological Interpretation > Flashcards

PP 3 Histological Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What are biopsies used for?

A

To diagnose
To monitor treatment and development

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2
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

Using a needle to get a thin core of tissue

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3
Q

What is resection used for?

A

To cure disease of symptoms
Used after a biopsy

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4
Q

What is a resection

A

Removal of whole or part of an organ

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5
Q

Tests for histology

A

Haematoxylin + eosin
Immunohistochemsitry
Immuofluorescence
Electron microscopy

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6
Q

What is immunofluorescence often used for?

A

Kidney issues

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7
Q

Low power vs high power image

A

Low power- zoomd out
High power- zoomed in

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8
Q

Questions when looking at malignant tumour

A
  • stage - how far it’s spread
  • grade - how aggressive
  • has it all be removed?
  • chemo/radio therapy?
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9
Q

Staining in H&E

A
  • Haematoxylin stains nuclei purple
  • Eosin stains cytoplasm and extracellular matrix pink
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10
Q

Histology vs cytology

A

Histology- solid tissue structures
Cytology- individual cells, fluid aspirate

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11
Q

Is histology or cytology more accurate?

A

Histology

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12
Q

Is histology or cytology quicker?

A

Cytology

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13
Q

Is histology or cytology more invasive?

A

Histology

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14
Q

Is histology or cytology more expensive?

A

Histology

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15
Q

Outline histology

A
  • Solid tissue from biopsy or resection
  • can look for tumour invasion + grade
  • invasive
  • expensive
  • timely
  • more accurate
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16
Q

Cytology function

A

See if benign or malignant

17
Q

Outline cytology

A

Individual cells
Fluid aspirate
To work out if benign vs malignant
Less invasive
Cheap
Quick
Less accurate

18
Q

Describe a neutrophil

A

Multilobed nucleus

19
Q

Describe an eosinophil

A

Bi lobed nucleus
Red cytoplasm

20
Q

Describe a lymphocyte

A

Large spherical nucleus
Thin rim of cytoplasm

21
Q

Describe a macrophage

A

Foamy cytoplasm
Large
Contain debris/pigment

22
Q

Epithelium function

A

Protection
Secretion
Absorption

23
Q

Where do carcinomas arise form?

A

Epithelium

24
Q

Describe benign cells

A

Well circumscribed
Don’t invade
Uniform nuclear features
Few mitoses
No necrosis

25
Q

Describe malignant cells

A

Irregular borders
Invade other tissues
Nuclear pleomorphism
Abnormal mitoses
Necrosis

26
Q

Nuclear pleomorphism meaning

A

All nuclei look different

27
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma?
Example

A

Cancer arising form glandular epithelium
e.g. bowel cancer

28
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Example

A

Cancer arising from squamous epithelium
e.g. skin cancer

29
Q

What does an eosinophil look like?

A

Tomato with sunglasses

Pathological Processes (14 decks)

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