PP 3 Histological Interpretation

Question 1

What are biopsies used for?

Answer 1

To diagnose
To monitor treatment and development

Question 2

What is a biopsy?

Answer 2

Using a needle to get a thin core of tissue

Question 3

What is resection used for?

Answer 3

To cure disease of symptoms
Used after a biopsy

Question 4

What is a resection

Answer 4

Removal of whole or part of an organ

Question 5

Tests for histology

Answer 5

Haematoxylin + eosin
Immunohistochemsitry
Immuofluorescence
Electron microscopy

Question 6

What is immunofluorescence often used for?

Answer 6

Kidney issues

Question 7

Low power vs high power image

Answer 7

Low power- zoomd out
High power- zoomed in

Question 8

Questions when looking at malignant tumour

Answer 8

• stage - how far it’s spread
• grade - how aggressive
• has it all be removed?
• chemo/radio therapy?

Question 9

Staining in H&E

Answer 9

• Haematoxylin stains nuclei purple
• Eosin stains cytoplasm and extracellular matrix pink

Question 10

Histology vs cytology

Answer 10

Histology- solid tissue structures
Cytology- individual cells, fluid aspirate

Question 11

Is histology or cytology more accurate?

Answer 11

Histology

Question 12

Is histology or cytology quicker?

Answer 12

Cytology

Question 13

Is histology or cytology more invasive?

Answer 13

Histology

Question 14

Is histology or cytology more expensive?

Answer 14

Histology

Question 15

Outline histology

Answer 15

• Solid tissue from biopsy or resection
• can look for tumour invasion + grade
• invasive
• expensive
• timely
• more accurate

Question 16

Cytology function

Answer 16

See if benign or malignant

Question 17

Outline cytology

Answer 17

Individual cells
Fluid aspirate
To work out if benign vs malignant
Less invasive
Cheap
Quick
Less accurate

Question 18

Describe a neutrophil

Answer 18

Multilobed nucleus

Question 19

Describe an eosinophil

Answer 19

Bi lobed nucleus
Red cytoplasm

Question 20

Describe a lymphocyte

Answer 20

Large spherical nucleus
Thin rim of cytoplasm

Question 21

Describe a macrophage

Answer 21

Foamy cytoplasm
Large
Contain debris/pigment

Question 22

Epithelium function

Answer 22

Protection
Secretion
Absorption

Question 23

Where do carcinomas arise form?

Answer 23

Epithelium

Question 24

Describe benign cells

Answer 24

Well circumscribed
Don’t invade
Uniform nuclear features
Few mitoses
No necrosis

Question 25

Describe malignant cells

Answer 25

Irregular borders
Invade other tissues
Nuclear pleomorphism
Abnormal mitoses
Necrosis

Question 26

Nuclear pleomorphism meaning

Answer 26

All nuclei look different

Question 27

What is an adenocarcinoma?
Example

Answer 27

Cancer arising form glandular epithelium
e.g. bowel cancer

Question 28

What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Example

Answer 28

Cancer arising from squamous epithelium
e.g. skin cancer

Question 29

What does an eosinophil look like?

Answer 29

Tomato with sunglasses