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Pathological Processes > PP 1 Intro To Pathology > Flashcards

PP 1 Intro To Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology definition

A

Study of suffering

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2
Q

Disease definition

A

Pathological condition of a body part, organ or system characterised by identifiable groups of signs and symptoms

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3
Q

What can disease be due to?

A

Failed homeostasis

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4
Q

List the pathology disciplines

A

Chemical pathology
Haematology
Immunology
Medical microbiology
Cellular pathology

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5
Q

What is chemical pathology?

A

Biochemical investigations of disease

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6
Q

What is haematology

A

Disease of blood (leukaemia), blood clotting, blood transfusion and bone marrow transplant

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7
Q

Immunology

A

Disease of immune system
E.g. allergy, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency

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8
Q

What is medical microbiology?

A

Disease causing microbes and advice on antibiotic usage

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9
Q

Cellular pathology **

A
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10
Q

What is the importance of microscopic diagnosis?

A
  • Definitive diagnosis
  • To guide type + extent of surgeries - before major surgery, a lesion needs to be removed for microscopic diagnosis
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11
Q

Histology meaning

A

Examining pieces of tissue

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12
Q

Cytology meaning

A

Examining individual cells

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13
Q

Difference between histology and cytology

A
  • Histology is examining ices of tissue - constituent elements around the cells
  • Cytology is examining individual cells - not the tissue as a whole
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14
Q

Is histology or cytology non invasive?

A

Cytology

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15
Q

Is histology or cytology faster and cheaper?

A

Cytology

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16
Q

Does histology or cytology have a higher error rate?

A

Cytology

17
Q

What can cytology be used for?

A

Cells in fluid
Preliminary test before other investigation
To confirm/exclude cancer/dysplasia

18
Q

Dysplasia meaning

A

Presence of cells of abnormal type within a tissue

19
Q

What can histology be used for?

A
  • To assess architecture
  • Differentiate invasive from in situ disease
  • Better for immunohistochemical and molecular testing
  • therapeutic as well as diagnostic
20
Q

What are the stages of cancer?

A

TNM
Tumour
Nodes
Metastases

21
Q

Metastasis meaning

A

Development of secondary malignant growths at site away from primary growth

22
Q

Malignant tumours

A

Rapid growth
Spreads and invades

23
Q

Benign tumours

A

Slow growth
Does not spread

24
Q

Frozen section and embedding **

A

Pathological Processes (14 decks)

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