Powerpoint #5 - Socialization Flashcards
What are the theoretically views of socialization?
- Functional- inheriting culture
- Conflict- passing on advantage
- Symbolic Interactionist- constructing social self
What is the functional view of socialization?
Inheriting Culture
- knowledge passed from one generation to the next
- -> also in subcultures for engaging in illicit activity (Heyl: studied formal training of prostitutes)
What is the conflict view of socialization?
Passing on Advantage
- means by which rich/powerful pass advantage on to children (to justify and reproduce the status quo)
- -> Allat: studied how parents used economic/social capital to give their children advantages
What is social channeling?
process in which children’s of rich are prepared for position of authority and children of poor are prepared for position of subservience
What is the Symbolic Interactionist view on socialization?
Constructing Social Self
-developing sense of self by interaction with significant others
What is the preparatory stage?
1st stage in child’s social development where behavior is largely imitation of significant other (mom/dad)
What is the play stage?
2nd stage in social development where one learns to evaluate themselves from the view of significant other (mom/dad)
What is the game stage?
3rd stage of social development where one learns to take on the role of multiple people (ex. understanding baseball)
What is the adult stage?
4th stage in development where one takes on the role of the generalized other (what people in general view of you), assessing behavior in terms of norms/values and responding to abstract principals/symbols
What is formal socialization?
socialization occurring in settings designed for socialization (ex. employee orientation)
What is informal socialization?
socialization in which peers/more experienced members train newcomers as they carry out their roles
–> Hunt: studied police force, found that they were taught in formal orientation to minimize violence, but informal socialization taught them to protect themselves first
What is border work?
interactions that strengthen gender boundaries
What is anticipatory socialization?
socialization for a status that occurs before the person occupies the status (ex. career preparation)
What is resocialization?
process of unlearning old norms, roles, and values then learning new ones by defining new social environment (ex. prison, army, college)
What is a degradation ceremony?
*initiation
ritual when someone experiences negative experiences/often embarrassing in presence of others
What are the steps of socialization of dying?
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- resignation
- acceptance
What are rites of passage?
ritual you go through that ha an impact on your life (can be negative)
What are the four stages of childhood socialization according to Mead?
- preparatory stage
- play stage
- game stage
- adult stage
What is “looking-glass self?”
through which we see ourselves as others see us
What is George Herbert Mead’s view on socialization?
- symbolic interactionism: stresses role of symbols in human communication and thought and highlights the impact of the social environment on both behavior and sense of self
- people become socialized by by becoming able to anticipate how others will respond to their actions/characteristics
(ex. child breaking something anticipates that their parents will ground them)
What is the generalized other?
the widely shared norms and values of the broad society that provide the standards for evaluating individual behavior
What are secondary adjustments?
ways individuals who are trapped in demeaning social statuses attempt to distance themselves from the status and the self it implies
What is psychoanalysis?
perspective on human psychology that emphasizes the complex reasoning processes of the human mind as it tries to balance biological and sexual needs within social constraints
What was Sigmund Freud’s view on socialization?
- Psychosexual Development: psychoanalysis
- focused on biology/aging and socialization
- human personality in three components: the id (irrational, pleasure seeking), the ego (rational, realistic), and the superego (values/norms, conscience)
