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PPL > Powerplant > Flashcards

Powerplant Flashcards

1
Q

provides the necessary source of power for the flight of airplanes

A

powerplant

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2
Q

engines used by light airplanes that are higher, simpler, and cost effective

A

reciprocated engines

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3
Q

ignites a mixture of air and fuel

A

spark plug

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4
Q

used for spark ignition for reciprocating engines for airplanes

A

spark plug

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5
Q

involves compressing the mixture to raise its temperature to a point where automatic ignition occurs, such as in diesel engines

A

compression ignition

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6
Q

types of cylinder arrangements

A

radial / inline / v-type / opposed

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7
Q

types of operating cycle

A

two stroke / four stroke

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8
Q

methods of cooling

A

liquid cooled / air cooled

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9
Q

poor power to weight ratio || if air cooled, the rear cylinders receive much less cooling air

A

inline engine

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10
Q

very compact, has minimal weight, and excellent air cooling || frontal large area is a penalty for performance

A

radial engine

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11
Q

extremely powerful || a complex machinery that requires a liquid cooling system

A

v-type engine

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12
Q

widely used engine in light airplanes || light and compact || has limited power

A

opposed type engine

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13
Q

main components of a reciprocating engine

A

crankshaft / crank case / connecting rod / cylinder / piston / spark plug / exhaust valve / intake valve

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14
Q

four stroke cycle

A

intake / compression / power / exhaust

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15
Q

indicates the revolutions per minute performed by the crankshaft

A

tachometer

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16
Q

aircraft needs more ______ than _______

A

torque , power

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17
Q

controls the RPM

A

throttle

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18
Q

regulates the amount of fuel and air mixture sent to the cylinders

A

throttle

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19
Q

progressive burning of the whole mixture contained in the cylinder, from the moment it is ignited by the spark plugs, to the point where the exhaust valves are open

A

normal combustion

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20
Q

ensures a smooth build up of temperature and pressure and guarantees that the engine delivers the maximum possible power

A

normal combustion

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21
Q

an uncontrolled, explosive combustion of the mixture, which may cause excessive pressures and temperatures in the combustion chamber, and excessive stress onto the piston, cylinder, and valves

A

detonation

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22
Q

cause of detonation

A

lower than usual fuel octane/compression ratio of fuel

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23
Q

occurs when the mixture ignites ahead of the normal timing

A

pre-ignition

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24
Q

cause of pre-ignition

A

residual hot spot in the combustion chamber

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25
Q

how to clean deposits

A

push for higher rpm, lean the mixture

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26
Q

high temperatures may cause fuel to vaporize inside the fuel lines or the carburetor, forming bubbles which cause momentary losses of power or even stall the engine

A

vapor lock

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27
Q

caused by contamination of fuel by water

A

fuel lock

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28
Q

changes in temperature may cause the condensation of the humidity contained in the air from the fuel tanks, particularly if partially filled

A

fuel lock

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29
Q

its purpose to mix air from the outside with fuel in correct proportions before sending this mixture to the cylinders

A

induction system

30
Q

fuel and air are mixed before it is sent towards the intake manifold

A

carburetor

31
Q

fuel is injected directly into the cylinders directly into the cylinders

A

fuel injection

32
Q

carburetor icing indication

A

gradual loss of power followed by engine roughness

33
Q

carburetor icing temperature and humidity

A

21 C and 70% humidity

34
Q

cold air - density relationship

A

cold air = more dense = cold air sinks

35
Q

hot air - density relationship

A

hot air = less dense = hot air rises

36
Q

methods used to restore a higher air pressure and thus greatly improve performance

A

turbocharging and supercharging

37
Q

incorporates a turbine, which is driven by exhaust gases, and a compressor that pressurizes the incoming air

A

turbocharger

38
Q

system that provides the spark needed to ignite the fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber

A

ignition system

39
Q

parts of the ignition system

A

magnetos / spark plug / ignition switch / wirings

40
Q

source of electrical power at the center of the ignition system

A

magnetos

41
Q

engine driven device totally independent from the airplane’s electrical system

A

magnetos

42
Q

system that keeps the temperature of the running engine has to be kept within acceptable limits

A

engine cooling

43
Q

system that lubricates the engine’s moving parts, reducing both wear and running temperature

A

oil system

44
Q

oil is contained in a separate tank, circulated through the engine with the help of a pump

A

dry sump oil system

45
Q

all oil is carried in a sump which is an integral part of the engine

A

wet sump oil system

46
Q

designed to provide an uninterrupted flow of clean fuel from the fuel tanks to the engine, in all conditions of flight, and during all approved maneuvers

A

fuel system

47
Q

uses the force of gravity to transfer fuel to the engine

A

gravity feed system

48
Q

used to vaporize fuel directly into the cylinders during cold starts

A

fuel primer

49
Q

engine driven pump draws fuel from the tanks and sends it to the engine

A

fuel pump system

50
Q

used during engine start, for fuel pump system, and in the event the main fuel pump fails

A

electric pump

51
Q

avgas 100 color

A

green

52
Q

avgas 100LL color

A

blue

53
Q

system that supplies electricity to all aircraft systems apart from the engine

A

electrical system

54
Q

components of an electrical system

A

alternator / battery / battery switch / alternator switch / bus bar / voltage regulator / ammeter / all associated wiring

55
Q

AC explaination

A

two way current

56
Q

DC explanation

A

one way current

57
Q

part of the electrical system driven by the engine’s crankshaft through a belt

A

alternator

58
Q

stores a limited quantity of electricity used before engine start and in case of emergency

A

battery

59
Q

monitors the airplane’s electrical system

A

ammeter

60
Q

ammeter full scale minus

A

alternator has failed

61
Q

ammeter full scale plus

A

regulator has failed

62
Q

two part switch controlling both the alternator and the battery

A

master switch

63
Q

comprises of switches and the fuses and/or circuit breakers associated with the various electrical systems

A

bus bar

64
Q

an airfoil subjected to aerodynamic principles such as drag or stall

A

propeller

65
Q

thrust through the propeller depends on

A

shape of the propeller / angle of attack / rpm of the engine

66
Q

angle of incidence of a propeller blade

A

pitch

67
Q

part of the propeller that allows for uniform thrust to be created from hub to tip

A

twist

68
Q

effect of small pitch propeller

A

more efficient during climb

69
Q

effect of high pitch propeller

A

high speed and low fuel consumption during cruise

70
Q

propeller that allows to vary the pitch

A

constant pitch propeller

71
Q

part of the propeller that automatically adjusts the pitch during cruise to maintain constant RPM despite changing air loads

A

governor

72
Q

type of propeller wherein power controlled by the throttle is monitored by a manifold pressure gauge

A

constant speed propeller

PPL (10 decks)

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