AGK Flashcards
pitot static instruments
airspeed indicator / altimeter / vertical speed indicator
gyroscopic instruments
attitude indicator / turn coordinator / heading indicator
force used to determine airspeed
dynamic pressure
dynamic pressure is equal to
(P total - P static) or (Pitot tube - static port)
ambient atmospheric pressure || pressure exerted in all directions
static pressure
measures total pressure
pitot tube
measures static pressure
static port
device for measuring the forward speed of the aircraft
airspeed indicator
speed read on the ASI
indicated airspeed
IAS corrected for installation and instrument error
calibrated airspeed
CAS corrected for altitude and non-standard temperature
true airspeed
TAS adjusted for wind
ground speed
instrument for determining altitude
altimeter
altitude read on the altimeter
indicated altitude
actual height above mean sea level
true altitude
actual height of the airplane above the Earth’s surface over which it is flying
absolute altitude
altitude when altimeter is set to 29.92 in Hg
pressure altitude
altitude corrected for non standard temperature
density altitude
QNH
query nautical height || local altitude pressure
QNE
query nulla est || 29.92 in Hg is set at higher altitudes
QFE
query field elevation || altimeter should display 0 when landed
instrument that indicates the rate of climb or descent
vertical speed indicator
if pitot tube is blocked
total pressure is undetermined / altimeter and airspeed moves the same way
it static port is blocked
static pressure is unknown / altimeter, vsi, and asi will be inaccurate
characteristic of a gyroscope
fast spinning
principles of a gyroscopic instrument
rigidity in space / precession
tilting/turning as a result of external forces
precession
instrument used to reference the aircraft’s pitch and bank against an artificial horizon
attitude indicator
instrument that displays the rate of turn and is used to determine the coordination of a turn and the bank angle required for a specific rate of turn
turn coordinator
standard rate of turn
360 degrees in 2 minutes / 3 degrees per second
coordinated turn
rate of turn and bank angle are proportionate (step on the ball)
skid
rate of turn is too great for the bank angle (ball out of turn)
slip
rate of turn is too slow for the bank angle (ball towards the turn)
instrument used to determine aircraft direction to aid the pilot in navigation
heading indicator
seventh instrument that is self contained and does not require to be checked for leaks
magnetic compass
magnetic compass is filled with what fluid
ethyl alcohol
why is magnetic compass filled with fluid
to avoid freezing at lower temperatures and dampen the oscillation of the float and card
latitude and longitude are based on true directions meaning they provide a constant horizontal and vertical plane with which to reference on maps and charts
variation
line that connects points of equal variation on a map
isogonic line
line that has a variation of 0 degrees
agonic line
best way to remember variation errors in magnetic compass
west is best, east is least
local magnetic fields in an aircraft is caused by electrical current flowing in the structure, in nearby wing, or any magnetized part of the structure cause a compass error
deviation
compass tends to dip toward the magnetic pole, most dominant as latitude increases
magnetic dip
when turning from a northerly heading
the compass will initially turn the opposite direction and then catch up by due east/west
when turning from a southerly heading
the compass will indicate a turn in the proper direction but will lead the actual heading, slowing down by due east/west
when the aircraft accelerates on a heading of east/west
inertia causes the weight to lag, and the card rotates toward north
when the aircraft decelerates on a heading of east/west
inertia causes the weight to move ahead, and the card rotates to the south