Power and Politics Flashcards
two axis approach to politics
liberal to conservative
libertarian to collectivist
define libertarian
the state should not interfere with individual autonomy unless someone else is coming to harm (free markets, capitalism)
define collectivist
people are yielded equal opportunities + wealth is redistributed partially by progressive taxation/wholly by state action on salaries or company profits (Marx, Lenin)
list approaches to biomedical ethics
conventional
utilitarianism
distributive justice
what four things underlie the conventional approach to biomedical ethics?
autonomy
non-maleficence
beneficence
justice
utilitarianism is a branch of?
consequentialism
utilitarianism argues that?
the ethical validity of an action is based on the outcome of the action
utilitarianism focus on maximising?
human welfare and wellbeing
utilitarianism states that the ethically right choice in a given situation is?
the one that produces the most happiness and the least unhappiness for the largest amount of people
issues with utilitarianism
using this logic, cannot justify more economically costly areas of healthcare
distributive justice
active seeking and promoting equality
wealth redistribution + unconditional basic income
Nuffield ladder of bioethics
do nothing/monitor the current situation > provide info > enable choice > guide choice through changing default policy > guide choice through incentives > guide choice through disincentives > restrict choice > eliminate choice
define stakeholder
an organisation / individual with an interest
define partner
subgroup of stakeholders who are central to the success of an aim
define coalition
groups of stakeholders working together for a shared goal
