Adolescent Health

Question 1

good sexual health is?

Answer 1

a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing in relation to sexuality

Question 2

good sexual health

Answer 2

respectful approach to sexuality as well as the possibility of having pleasurable + safe sexual experiences free of coercion, discrimination or violence
improves physical + mental health outcomes

Question 3

consequences of poor sexual health

Answer 3

unplanned pregnancies + abortions
psychological consequences
STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, first episode genital warts, first episode genital herpes)

Question 4

prevention of negative consequences that come with poor sexual health

Answer 4

contraception
HPV immunisation
HIV prevention (PrEP/PEP)
education/health literacy

Question 5

lifestyle and sexual health

Answer 5

sexual dysfx > smoking, prolonged alcohol misuse, stress, poor mental health
risky sexual behaviour/SA/sexual violence > drug + alcohol

Question 6

maternal nutrition

Answer 6

folic acid before conception + up to 12 wks pregnancy > reduces risk of neural tube defects
vitamin D + breastfeeding

Question 7

physical activity during pregnancy

Answer 7

decreases risk of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, severe depressive symptoms

Question 8

alcohol during pregnancy

Answer 8

early miscarriage, premature birth, restricted growth, still birth, cognitive delay, foetal alcohol syndrome/spectrum

Question 9

foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 9

small stature
facial abnormality
cardiac defects
cognitive deficits

Question 10

smoking during pregnancy

Answer 10

miscarriage, premature birth, perinatal death

Question 11

microbiome

Answer 11

majority of microbiome found in the gut

interacts w/ nervous + immune systems

Question 12

factors influencing microbiome diversity + health

Answer 12

genes
age
environment
stress
diet
physical activity

Question 13

factors influencing microbiome

Answer 13

birthing process
infant feeding method
stress/diet/geography
pharmaceuticals
lifecycle changes
illness and disease
physical activity

Question 14

metabolite production - microbiome

Answer 14

produce secondary metabolites
detoxify toxins + breakdown fibre/resistant starches
fermentation releases SCFAs > source of energy/lowers colon pH/maintains immune homeostasis

Question 15

vitamin production - microbiome

Answer 15

vitamin K + components of vitamin B

Question 16

microbiome + immune system

Answer 16

gut mucosa tolerates beneficial microorganisms while preventing pathogen overgrowth
poor diet/unhealthy microbiome > low level, chronic inflammatory state
can regulate immune cells