Global Health Flashcards
what is global health?
area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving health equity for all people worldwide
current global communicable diseases
COVID-19 pandemic
Polio Global Eradication Initiative
current global non- communicable diseases
mental health
governance of global health
WHO
what describes the role of national governments in global health?
international health regulations
WHO is able to declare what?
Public Health Emergency of International Concern
what is HDI?
human development index used by the UN to quantify development in general
measures of development in HDI
knowledge (education + literacy)
healthy life (life expectancy)
standard of living (purchasing power parity)
HDI groups countries into?
very high
high
medium
low
list approaches of measuring human development
HDI
HIC + LMIC
global south
how does HIC + LMIC measure development?
delineates between settings based on an objective measure of wealth
the term ‘global south’ is used to denote?
countries where income tends to be low + are recently industrialising
many of these countries have a colonial history
what does WASH stand for?
water, sanitation
and hygiene
WASH - water
safe water for drinking, washing, domestic activities
fundamental human right
infectious disease - water
water borne water washed water based water related disease caused by poor sanitation
WASH - sanitation
safe removal of water inc. toilets and waste disposal
what % of the world lacks safe water for drinking, washing, domestic activities?
30
what % of the world lacks safe removal of water inc. toilets and waste disposal?
60
WASH - hygiene
range of activities that encourage healthy behaviours practices
WASH - related preventable diseases
diarrhoea malaria schistosomiasis trachoma intestinal helminths Japanese encephalitis hep A
what are the sustainable development goals?
a package of goals launched by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030, universal for all countries
list examples of the sustainable development goals
no poverty, zero hunger, good health + wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, clean water + sanitation, affordable + clean energy, decent work + economic growth, industry + innovation + infrastructure, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace + justice and strong institutions, partnership for the goals
name a means of quantifying gender equality and health system development
maternal mortality
define maternal death
death of a woman while pregnant/within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause by the pregnancy but not from accidental or incidental causes
what % of maternal deaths are from LMICs?
95
number of maternal deaths a year
300,000
how is maternal mortality ratio measured?
no of deaths/no of live births per 100,000 live births
maternal mortality ratio is used as a measure of?
how accessible/responsive/effective a health system is
the degree to which a health system is responsive to women’s health is a measure of?
how politically invested a country is in achieving equal health outcomes for men + women
what is planetary health?
emerging discipline that recognises our coexistence as human beings with the world around us
effects of imbalance of human consumption and planetary sustainability
wealthy tend to consume whereas the poor tend to suffer the consequences
what is antimicrobial resistance?
when antibiotics + antifungals + antivirals + antiparasitics become less effective over time as pathogens evolve
consequences of antimicrobial resistance
^ incidence of multi drug resistant bacteria, may become impossible to do routine surgery, will hit those with least resources the hardest
solutions to antimicrobial resistance
understanding the science behind antimicrobial resistance
reduce availability of all antibiotics + introduce more safeguards for broad spectrum ABx
people involvement in combatting antimicrobial resistance
not just human health - veterinarians, agriculture, business, politicians
global effort
