Poverty and Pauperism, Poor laws

Question 1

What year was the Elizabethan Poor Laws?

Answer 1

1601

Question 2

How many parishes were there in England and Wales?

Answer 2

15,000

Question 3

In the Elizabethan Poor Laws who received indoor relief?

Answer 3

Deserving Poor

Question 4

In the Elizabethan Poor Laws who received outdoor relief?

Answer 4

Able-bodied: undeserving

Question 5

By what year were there 2000 workhouses?

Answer 5

1776

Question 6

How many inmates did workhouses have in 1776?

Answer 6

20-50

Question 7

In the Elizabethan poor laws who decided who got relief?

Answer 7

1 overseer

Question 8

When were the Laws of Settlement?

Answer 8

1662

Question 9

What were the Laws of Settlement designed to do?

Answer 9

Stop poor people moving around

Question 10

What was a persons place of settlement?

Answer 10

Where you were born or lived for 3 years

Question 11

When was the Speenhamland system?

Answer 11

1795

Question 12

What was the Speenhamland system?

Answer 12

An allowance system that subsidised low wages

Question 13

What did the allowance in the Speenhamland system depend on?

Answer 13

The price of bread and how many children you had.

Question 14

What were the wages in the Speenhamland topped up to?

Answer 14

The value of 3 loaves of bread (4.5 for a working family)

Question 15

What is absolute poverty?

Answer 15

The lack of income to provide for basic needs e.g. food, clothes and shelter etc.

Question 16

What are the two classifications of poverty?

Answer 16

Absolute and Relative

Question 17

What is relative poverty?

Answer 17

People who are poor but still have enough to survive - can afford basic needs

Question 18

Who were poor rates administered by?

Answer 18

‘Overseers of the Poor’

Question 19

How did ‘Overseers of the Poor’ distribute poor relief?

Answer 19

Under the authority of the local Justice of the Peace (JP)

Question 20

In 1801 what happened to the population since the 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law?

Answer 20

More than doubled.

Question 21

Between 1814 - 1818 how much money was spent on poor relief?

Answer 21

£6.4 million

Question 22

Why did poor relief increase in the early 19th century (2 reasons)?

Answer 22

1) Due to a series of poor harvests 2) The French Wars from 1793-1815 rose the cost of living.

Question 23

Between 1802 and 1803, what % of the north received poor relief?

Answer 23

10%

Question 24

Between 1802 and 1803, what % of people in the south recieved poor relief?

Answer 24

23%

Question 25

What was the approx. wage during 1802 and 1803?

Answer 25

12s per week

Question 26

When was the Royal Commission established?

Answer 26

1st February 1832

Question 27

How many commissioners did the Royal Commission have and name 2?

Answer 27

9 - Nassau Senior and Edwin Chadwick

Question 28

What did the Royal Commission send to the 15,000 parishes?

Answer 28

A questionnaire

Question 29

How many questionnaires that were sent to Parishes were returned?

Answer 29

10%

Question 30

Why were the Royal Commission criticised?

Answer 30

1) Many of the questions were phrased awkwardly 2) It was claimed that Senior began writing the report before the data had been collected in

Question 31

What did the Royal Commission suggest?

Answer 31

* The removal of **outdoor relief** * The use of **punishing** workhouses to act as a deterrent to those seeking relief * **Grouping parishes** together to manage workhouses effectivley * The creation of a **central board** to implement the new system across the country.

Question 32

How much was poor relief in 1815?

Answer 32

£5.7 million

Question 33

How much was poor relief in 1817?

Answer 33

£7.9 million

Question 34

How much was poor relief in 1831?

Answer 34

Nearly £7 million

Question 35

What were the causes of bad conditions for agricultural workers in 1794?

Answer 35

* **Encolsure** of land * Food **prices** rising * **Population** rising - reduced stability * **1793** declaration of **war with France** stopped grain imports

Question 36

What are 3 possible reasons for Berkshire magistates introducing the Speenhamland system?

Answer 36

* They needed to look after the workers * Trying to stop revolutionary ideas * Cheaper than poor relief

Question 37

When was the Poor Employment Act?

Answer 37

1817

Question 38

Which 2 individuals were prominnet in the individualism attitudes?

Answer 38

Thomas Malthus Joseph Townsend

Question 39

Which 2 indivduals prominent in the collectivism attitude?

Answer 39

* Thomas Paine * Robert Owen

Question 40

Which 2 individuals were prominent in the utilitarianism attitude?

Answer 40

* Jeremy Bentham * Edwin Chadwick

Question 41

During the French wars what percentage of the country's GNP was spent on poor relief?

Answer 41

2%

Question 42

After **1824** how much did poor relief cost per head compared to the cost of poor relief per head between **1819** and **1823**?

Answer 42

* 1824: **9s 2d** * 1819 - 1823: **11s 7d**