2-The Rise of Piedmont

Question 1

list 3 examples of mazzinis failures

Answer 1

• ideas were too intellectual
• they failed to reach ordianry people
• liberals thought he was dangerous

Question 2

list 2 ways that VEII could help unification

Answer 2

• he had the power of piedmont
• he disliked the pope because of his father

Question 3

what was the name of the anti-clerical laws of 1850s

Answer 3

siccardi laws

Question 4

what was the coalition called that helped cavour become an MP

Answer 4

the connubio

Question 5

in 1855 how many monasteries and benifactuaries did cavour close

Answer 5

152 monestries
1,700 benifices

Question 6

why did cavour betray mazzini to the austrians 1853

Answer 6

to show the Austria that he was trustworthy

Question 7

what 3 positions did cavour hold in government 1855

Answer 7

prime minister, foreign minister and finance minister

Question 8

why did cavour hold 3 government positions

Answer 8

to ensure the government remained stable

Question 9

what other reforms did cavour do to remove opposition

Answer 9

financial department in 1852
foreign office in 1853
minister of war to remove hostility

Question 10

why was building railways and telegraph links to france so important

Answer 10

it allowed for troops to pass to austria quickly in case of war

Question 11

what were the motives for Cavour having foreign trade and investment from big powers

Answer 11

• brought materials needed for investment
• big powers were invested and therefore would help.

Question 12

which two french bankers invested in piedmont

Answer 12

rothschild
laffitte

Question 13

how much railways did piedmont have by the end of the 1850s

Answer 13

819km

Question 14

why was austria weakened in the 1850s

Answer 14

zollverien was a germanic allience excluding austria

Question 15

how could you argue that it was VEII who wanted piedmonts involvement in crimea

Answer 15

he threatened to sack cavour if he didnt involve them

Question 16

how many piedmontese faught in crimea and how many died

Answer 16

18,000 troops
2000 deaths- cholera
30 deaths from wounds

Question 17

where was the peace treaty and how did it benefit piedmont

Answer 17

paris
- showed piedmonts growing political status
- italian question was now a diplomatic issue
- britain and france now ‘owed him one’

Question 18

why was mazzini no longer a serious prospect

Answer 18

he was fatally wounded by republicanisms failure

Question 19

what did the pope do to all who threatened his temporal power

Answer 19

he excommunicated them

Question 20

when did the pope retern to rome

Answer 20

1850

Question 21

what else did the pope do in 1850

Answer 21

he denounced all of his erlier reforms

Question 22

how many french troops now supported the pope in rome

Answer 22

20,000

Question 23

when did victor emmanuel come into power

Answer 23

1849

Question 24

what percent of the lower population of piedmonts parliament represented the population of piedmont

Answer 24

2.25% of those who were literate

Question 25

how many poitical refugees did piedmont take in in the 1850s

Answer 25

30,000 in Turin and Genoa

Question 26

who were two notable political refugees who escaped to piedmont

Answer 26

the economist- ferrara the writor- massari

Question 27

why was VEII not likely to become nationalist

Answer 27

his wife and mother came from an austrian imperial family

Question 28

what was mazzinis legacy of the failed roman republic

Answer 28

- worthwile but failed indirect action - highlighted the weakness of his actions - didnt damage his short term reputation

Question 29

when was mazzini exiled in london

Answer 29

1849 to 1851

Question 30

what did mazzini do during his exile in london

Answer 30

- founded the national italian committee which promoted the italian cause - set up the society of the friends of italy, attracted widespread support

Question 31

when was the society of the friends of italy set up

Answer 31

1851

Question 32

revolutions in sicily 1851-2

Answer 32

- failed to win support - austrian authority infultrated mazzinian secret organisations

Question 33

what happened in revolutions in milan, february 1853

Answer 33

- failed uprising, damaged mazzinis reputation - weakness of mazzinis cause

Question 34

when were 50 revolutionaries shot by austrians in milan

Answer 34

February 1853

Question 35

when was the revolution in lunigiana

Answer 35

1853

Question 36

when was the revolution in massa

Answer 36

1854

Question 37

when was the revolution in palermo

Answer 37

1856

Question 38

what happened in palermo, massa and lunigiana

Answer 38

- insurrections that ended in failure, too small, poorly armed

Question 39

what happened in sapri 1857

Answer 39

- a small ship was siezed in caligary - may 1857 - pisacare sailed for sapri with a group of supporters - nepolionic forces and locals wounded him - he killed himself

Question 40

when di pisacare sieze a ship to sail for sapri

Answer 40

may 1857

Question 41

what was the alternative to mazzini based in france what did they want

Answer 41

Latin committee in paris 1851 and they wanted a federal republic

Question 42

who set up the military committe in genoa

Answer 42

Giacomo Midici

Question 43

what was set up in Genoa 1852

Answer 43

the military comittee and they aimed for more military strategy

Question 44

when did garibaldi distance himself from mazzini

Answer 44

1854

Question 45

who announced (conditional) support for piedmont in 1855

Answer 45

Danial Manin

Question 46

when did daniel manin announce conditional support for piedmont

Answer 46

1855

Question 47

when was the national society set up

Answer 47

1857

Question 48

why was the "national society" a better option to young italy in 1857

Answer 48

- it backed victor emmanuel II - it had a practical approach

Question 49

what was one of victor emmanuels first actions as king

Answer 49

he shelled Genoa where radicals were entrenched

Question 50

when had VEII appointed Massimo Azeglio as PM

Answer 50

by the end of 1849

Question 51

what did austria and britain view VEII (to begin with)

Answer 51

the british saw him as a cautious liberal and the austrians saw him as a cautious conservative

Question 52

what did historian Denis Mack Smith say about VEII

Answer 52

"always happiest in either the barracks, the stables or the hunting field"

Question 53

why didnt VEII like the church

Answer 53

the pope betrayed his father

Question 54

who introduced the Siccardi laws

Answer 54

siccardi under Azeglio

Question 55

what did the siccardi laws mean

Answer 55

- seperate law courts for priests were abolished as it challanged the statuto - the right for criminals to seek sanctuary and protection in churches was abolished - religeous groups property rights were restricted - feast days where people couldnt work were reduced

Question 56

whats a concordat

Answer 56

an agreemet between the church and state

Question 57

who was imprisoned for ignoring the siccardi laws

Answer 57

Archbishop Fransoni

Question 58

who voted against the siccardi laws

Answer 58

the conservative right, including Thaon de revel and Balbo

Question 59

what was Cavour before the connubio

Answer 59

he was Azeglios minister for trade and agriculture

Question 60

what was the connubio

Answer 60

a coalition

Question 61

how did the connubio come about

Answer 61

at the turn of 1851-52 cavour made a parliamentarty agreement with Urbano Ratazzi to create a centre allience

Question 62

what was ratazzi appointed as dispite the kings dislike of him

Answer 62

president of the chamber of deputites

Question 63

what did the connubo lead to- Azeglio

Answer 63

his government weakening

Question 64

when and why did azeglios ministry fall

Answer 64

he tried to move on to his next anti-clerical laws. to introdice cibil marrage in 1852

Question 65

what did cavour do in november 1852

Answer 65

he asked VEII to appoint him as PM (he was made PM)

Question 66

in 1855 what did cavour decide to do about the church

Answer 66

he decided to attack the welth of the church

Question 68

how many were shot in milan, February 1853

Answer 68

50 revolutionaries were shot by austrians