A new Reich Flashcards
How was the decree for the protection of the nation and state passed?
Following the reichstag fire 28th-29th February- Hindenburg used article 48 to suspend constitutional civil rights
And Give secret police power to hold people indefinitely in protective custody
What’s the other name for the enabling act?
Law for terminating the suffering of the people and the nation
What did the enabling act do?
It gave emergency powers to government for four years where government could past decrease without presidential involvement
What was the law for the restoration of the civil service?
It was a law that made administration, courts, schools, and universities purge 5% of those employed- Jews and other alien elements
What was the law for the reconstruction of the state?
It was where the SSA had already overthrown many local governments and rep replacing them with commissioners of the central government
The elected state assemblies were formally dissolved and replaced with Nazi Gauleiters
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
On the 30th of January 1933
When was the right Starfire and the decree for the protection of the nation and state?
The 28th and 29th of February
In which elections did the Nazis get lots and lots of votes? How much did they get?
The 5th of March elections
44% of the vote went to the Nazis 8% to allies
When was the enabling act passed?
The 24th of March
When was the law for the restoration of the civil service passed?
Seventh of April
When was the law against the formation of new parties?
14th of July
What elections did the Nazis win? 92% of the vote?
The 12th of November elections
When was the law of the reconstruction of the state?
30th of January 1934
When was the night of the Long knives?
30th of June
When did Hindenburg die?
The 2nd of August
How many members of Hitler’s Cabinet were Nazis and who were they?
Only three members
Goering
Himself
And Wilhelm frick
In Hitler’s initial cabinet, why was he limited by other parties?
The DNVP still controlled the economics ministry and the ministry for labour
Why could Hitler not initially use the military?
Because Hindenburg as president retained control
What did Nazis poll at in Berlin and why?
The Nazis only pulled at 22.5% because left-wing parties maintained significant influence
What was a reason the Nazis easily swept into power and why would it leave a legitimate left wing?
The Nazis were swept to power in part due to desperation and economic hardship
The left represented a legitimate alternative for voters therefore
What were the middle class concerned about?
They were concerned by the use of violence and thuggery by the Nazis
The Nazis also had no clear structure of governance which resulted in a dual state
What did the enabling act permanently suspend?
The right to personal liberty
The right to free expression of opinion
Freedom of the press
The right to assembly
What did the enabling act allow to happen?
Cabinet directly pass laws
New laws to bypass the existing constitution provided they did not affect the power of the reichstag
When was Kopenick blood week?
Between the 21st and 26th of June 1933
How many people were tortured by the essay and how many were killed in the Kopenick blood week?
500 SPD members and anti-Nazi opponents were tortured by the SA and SS, at least 23 were killed
When was the SPD dissolved and when was the DNVP dissolved?
The SDP was dissolved on the 22nd of June and also the DNVP was dissolved and partially absorbed into the NSDAP
What was the Gleichschaltung?
The degeneration of Weimar democracy into the authoritarian Nazi state, a coordination or notifying of society and structures to enable the consolidation of Nazi power
How many members did socialist trade unions have in 1933?
They had over 4 million members
When were trade unions banned?
Between January and May 1933 trade unions were systematically dissolved and then banned
What was made to replace trade unions and when was this established?
The DAF was established which took over the assets of all previous trade unions and represented all workers
The 6th of May 1933
When was the DPD-Z party Prussian coalition dissolved and what replaced them?
Was dissolved in July 1932
Goering replace them as reich commissioner for the Russian Ministry of the interior
Who were depression police reinforced by?
50,000 SA and SS members
What did the right stag fire decree allowed to happen?
The KPD to be banned and communist violently persecuted
When was the first concentration camp established?
In dachau 1933
What did Goebbels do to radio?
He brought a radio under the control of the reich radio company
13% of radio staff were sacked on racial grounds
By 1939 how many citizens had a radio and why was this?
75% of citizens had a radio due to the Nazis cheap Volksempfanger
By what year did 75% of citizens have a radio?
1939
Which Nazi publishing house owned 2/3 of the German press by what year?
The Nazi publishing house, Eher Verlag owned that much of the German press by 1939
How much of the German press did Eher Verlag own
2/3
How many people did the Nazis retain across their rule?
800,000 for resistance
What kind of culture did the Gestapo encourage?
A culture of observation and denunciation whereby citizens would spy and report on each other generating a social atmosphere of fear and an inescapable presence of the Nazi states
In 1933 how many members did the SS have?
52,000
When did Himmler assume control of all lander and federal police?
1934
What did Hitler use to establish the autobahn and what should he have?
Instead of using the ministry of transport to manage their construction, he established organisation Todt under Fritz Todt
Which Nazi minister was often overruled and ignored by Gauleiters?
The minister of the interior Wilhelm Frick
What was the Lutwaffe controlled by?
It was placed under the control of the Reich aviation ministry under Goering
When was the Hitler youth group created and when did it absorb all other groups?
It was created in 1926 and absorbed all other youth groups in 1933
What percent of all aged 10 to 18 were members of the Hitler youth in 1936?
62.8%
When was the control of education centralised and what was this under?
It was centralised in under the Reich Ministry of education, culture, and science
What was created to prepare select youth for roles in the Nazi party
31 elite schools
Three universities
What was created to retrain teachers on Nazi ideals?
The national socialist teachers league, it provided one month long training courses
How many litres of milk did the NSV distribute?
25, 800 L of milk
How many grocery parcels did the NSV distribute?
1500
How many sets of baby parcels in one month alone did the NSV distribute?
172 sets in one month in 1934
In 1933, what loans could unemployed women take out?
A 600 RM loan “marriage loan”
How could women achieve their mothers cross?
By having four children, you could have the bronze
Six children equals silver
Eight children equals gold
What type of classes did the NSF run for women?
Cookery and housewife classes
When were women removed from civil service jobs and banned from the legal profession?
Banned from civil service jobs in 1933
Removed from the legal profession in 1936
What happened on the 1st of April 1933?
SA men stood outside Jewish businesses to discourage custom as an attempt to boycott
When did the SA stand outside Jewish businesses?
The 1st of April 1933
When were the Nuremberg laws?
The 15th of September 1935
How did the Nuremberg laws come about?
Four drafts were written overnight by Hitler and passed on the 15th of September
What did the Nuremberg laws do?
- made it illegal for non-Jewish and Jewish Germans to have sex or marry
- Jewish Germans from employing other Germans as servants
- Stripped German Jews of their citizenship instead branding them as subject
- Removed previously protected Jewish war veterans from civil employment
- Restricted Jewish Germans from flying the German flag
What were examples of anti-Jewish propaganda distributed by the state?
The eternal Jew
Der angriff
Der Stumer
What was Hitler’s approached the government?
- disordered lacked direction
- No interest in discussions or drafting legislation
- Legislation was drafted by ministers
Hitler’s role was just to approve and reject it
What experience did Hitler have with political bureaucracy?
None
Where did Hitler spend much of his time?
In the Bavarian Alps
What became sources of guidance for ministers?
Mien Kampf and Hitlers speaches
What did legislation increasingly become as people were working towards the furher?
Ideological
What was cumulative radicalisation?
The way that departments competed to gain Hitler’s favour by drafting increasingly extreme laws
What is cumulative radicalisation clear with?
Antisemitism
Hitler never set out a clear policy for Jewish Germans but accumulative radicalisation insured that race policies quickly became more extreme
What did cabinet minister complain about?
That they were hearing new legislation for the first time in newspapers and on the radio
How many times did the cabinet meet in 1933 and then in 1935
72 times in 1933
12 times in 1935
What did Roahm call for and what happened to him?
A ‘people’s militia’ he was killled in the night of the long knives
What did Hitler proclaim about the military in February 1933?
The only military soldiers could carry guns
When did Hitler pro kill lame that only soldiers could carry guns?
February 1933
What did Hitler order the SA to do in 1934?
Limit the agitation pleasing the military
Who did soldiers swear allegiance to?
Hitler not Germany
What uses of law made Hitler able to consolidate his position?
The enabling act
Reichstag fire decrees
Banning of other parties
What propaganda did hitler use to consolidate his power
The Reich culture chamber
Ministry of information and propaganda
What examples of terror and intimidation allowed Hitler to consolidate his position?
The role of the SA
Political courts
Gestapo observations
Kopenick blood week
Nazi takeover of the lander
What area of respectability allowed Hitler to consolidate his position?
The night of the long knives
His defence of Christianity (concordat)
His stress of traditional values
What concessions allowed Hitler to consolidate his position?
The concordat with the Catholic Church
Promises to military
Better conditions for workers
Benefits for mothers
