4-Consolidating the Kingdom of Italy Flashcards
1
Q
in late 1860 what did napoleon propose
A
that if umbria and the marches were reterned to papal power and abruzzi added then the french would leave
2
Q
when was the september convention
A
september 1864
3
Q
what was agreed at the september convention
A
napoleon would evacuate rome in retern for the italian capiol to turn from turin to florence
4
Q
how many people died rioting about the september convention
A
23
5
Q
which prime minister agreed to the september convention
A
minghetti
6
Q
why did the great powers support austrias power
A
to maintain the balance of power in europe
7
Q
who did cavour attempt to encourage to start an uprising
A
hugarian revolutionary leaders
8
Q
how was austrias power weakened 1862
A
the increasing power of prussia, and their free trade treaty with france 1862
9
Q
when did cavour die
A
june 1861
10
Q
how did cavour die
A
malaria
11
Q
what did garibaldi set up to attack rome 1862
A
the society for the emancipication of rome
12
Q
when did garibaldi set up the society for the emancipication of rome
A
1862
13
Q
who tried to stab the king
A
prime minister farini
14
Q
what did mazzini describe the new italy as
A
a “sham”
15
Q
what percent of the population was the electorate
A
2%
16
Q
how many members of parliament were there (1861-)
A
443
17
Q
how many voters voted for MPs
A
150,000
18
Q
what was the population of italy (1861-)
A
27 million
19
Q
where was a single criminal legal code adopted
A
everywhere but tuscany
20
Q
by what time had a civil law code been adopted for all of italy
A
1865
21
Q
what countries guidence helped the italian army
A
prussias
22
Q
what fraction of land had the pope lost to the new system
A
2/3rds
23
Q
due to the churches ignorance of cavour what developed
A
a period of fractious cohabition
24
Q
who and when was it argued that catholics should be “neither electors or elected”
A
margotti
1858
25
when was darwins thoery of evolution
1859
26
what was the catholic churches reaction to changing attitudes
it issued the syllabus of errors
27
what was the syllabus of errors
- church would remain in control of the education system culture and science
- regected ideas of tolerence towards other religeons
- reasserted temporal power
- critisized liberalism
- wouldnt accept progress
28
what was the response of italy to the "syllabus of errors"
increased taxation of the church
29
when did italy demand the church hand over property
1866
30
when was the dogma of papal infallabilty thought up
1869, the vatican council met and agreed to it
31
what was the dogma of papal infallability
it argued that the popes statments were indisputable
32
when was the dogma of papal infallability proclaimed
july 1870
33
when did the pope declare himself a prisoner of the vatican
after the ennexation of rome 1870
34
who replaced cavour
ricasoli
35
why were the plebicited of 1860 negative
people voted against the tryranny of the rulers not FOR piedmontisation
36
how were the plebecite voting systems corrupt
in nice the "no" slips werent even brought to the voting stations
37
what law made primary education compulsory
casati law
38
why didnt the casati law happen in the south
the majority of the population were illiterate
39
when was an uprising of bourbon agents
october 1860
40
How many decrees was the legal system changed by in and in how much time
52 decrees in 2 days
41
When was the legal system of nap,es changed dramatically
February 1861
42
How many providences did piedmont divide the new kingdom into
53
43
What was the first major drawback of piedmontisation
It showed ignorance of regional affairs in Italy
44
What was the furthest south Cavour ever travelled
Tuscany
45
How was education payed for
By attacking the church and raising taxes
46
How many monasteries were disillusioned after 1861?
2,382
47
Why was the dissolution of monasteries so terrible
It meant the removal of many charitable institutions
48
What was a negative to the jury system adopted in the south
The mafia was able to corrupt and intimidate jurors
49
What was the second drawback to piedmontisation
Lack of resources, both financial and human
50
What did Mack smith say about piedmontisation
It ‘“reinforced the impression that one region had vertically conquered the rest”
51
Why was Lombardy upset by piedmontisation
They were promised their own constitution, legal system and local government but it was swept aside
52
When did Modena vote for annexation by piedmont
August 1860
53
Who led Modena when it was annexed by piedmont
Farina
54
What was Tuscany the exception to
Piedmontisation- at least in the short term
55
Why was Tuscany able to retain customs and legal systems (in the short term)
The very powerful baron, baron ricasoli
56
What were brigands
Bandits who had lived in the mountains and forests during the napoleonic wars
57
What were the brigands seen as
Protesters of the south
58
What did the collapse of bourbon rule lead to
A power vacuum
59
What was the amount of debt, that caused taxes to be increased to pay it off ( in lire)
2.5 billion lire
60
Agents of who were stirring up unrest
Bourbon ruler king Francis II
61
Why was conscription a terrible idea
It took young men away from their farms and families where they were needed on farms
62
When did young men take time the hills to avoid conscription
1861
63
how many young men took to the hills to avoid conscription
25,000
64
What did many people in the west of Sicily do because of hatred towards victor Emmanuel
Join the mafia
65
Who ordered that bourbon soldiers should be shot if found with weapons
General cialdini
66
How many of the brigands were convicts
1,000
67
What size army did the Piedmontese deploy to deal with the brigands
120,000
68
In 1860 how many estimated brigands were there
82,000
69
When were there 82,000 brigands troops
1862
70
In 1863 how many troops were engaged in peace keeping
90,000
71
Name a brigands leader
Crocco
72
In what year was there a week long rebellion in Palermo, Sicily
1866
73
what education law was never introduced in the south
casati law
74
how many brigands were there
82,000
75
what had cavours policies of the 1850s caused
2,450 million lire defecit
76
by when was there a 2,450 million lire defecit
1861
77
what unpopular tax was introuduced in 1865
the flour tax
78
ewhen was the flour tax introduced
1865
79
by the mid 1860s what fraction of italian bonds were in foreign hands
1/3
80
by 1866 what percent of state expenditure did the defecit make up
60%
81
what was the grist tax and when was it
1868
a tax on the milling of cornwh
82
what did the grist tax lead to
250 deaths
1,000 wounded in riots
83
when did the state begin to sell the churches land
1867
84
in what amount of years was how many acres of church land sold
9 years nearly 9 million acres
85
who bought the land in the north
peasent farmers
86
who bought the land in the south
middle classes
87
who removed common land in the south
latifundia owners
88
what percent of each years produce was used for debt repayment
30%
89
what did conservative attitudes in the centre and south of italy mean
a distrust of paper money
borrowing was seen as immoral
90
how many people were employed in industry by ___
1861
3 million people
91
what percent of industruy workers were women and children
80%
92
in what two areas of italy where there no railroads at all
sardinia and sicily
93
when did the railroads pass into private hands
1865
94
what was created (econ)
a dual economy
95
what terms did martin clark come up with
real italy and legal italy
96
why would it be hard for piedmont to gain venitia and rome
it meant dealing with more than one great power at a time
97
what was formd in december 1861
the italian freedom association
98
when was the italian freedom association formed
december 1861
99
when was a group of garibaldi followers arrested on the austrian border
may 1862
100
who led the group of garibaldi followers who got arrested
nullo
101
why did victor emmanuel want a war
it would distract the citizens from the situation in the south
102
how much did la marmora offer to pay austria for venitia
1,000 million lire
103
where and when did prussian minister bismarck meet with france
biarritz 1865
104
when did italy declare war on austria
4 days after prussia- 20th june 1866
105
how many troops were there italy VS austria
250,000 italians
VS
130,000 austrians
106
how many ironclad ships italy VS austria
12 italy
VS
7 austria
107
why did admiral persano lead the italian fleet
bribery
108
what did bad organisaytion of the italian army lead to
only 25% of the army ever reached the front lines
109
when did italian troops fight at custozza
24th june
110
when was persanos fleet destroyed
july, at the battle of lissa
111
what did persano loose at lissa
the "re d'italia" the pride of the italian navy
112
how many shells did persano shoot and how many hit the mark
1,450 shells and not one major hit
113
when did bismarck (prussia) sign an armistice
july 26, deserting its italian ally
114
what was the outcome of the third war of independance
failure- no heroism acchieved
115
how did italy gain venitia
austria gave it to france who gave it to italy
116
what was the result of the venitian plebecites
647,246 to 69
117
when was there a great rejoicing in venitia
october 1866
118
how was the great debt caused by the war to be paid for
nationalising church land 1867
introducing the grist tax 1868
119
when had piedmont defeated papal forces on their way to meet garibaldi
at castelfidaro september 1860
120
what made it even less likely for the pope and italy to be able to negotate
the syllabus of errors
121
when was it agreed that france would keep its troops in rome
the french chamber of deputies and senate march 1861
122
when was garibaldis failed attempt to take rome
1862
123
what did the september convention 1864 agree to
the pope raising an army of 10,000 troops for protection and france leaving within two years
124
what was a downside of guarding rome for the french
it was very expensive
125
how many died in riots about the september convention
23
126
which PM was sacked due to the september convention
Minghetti
127
when was the government moved to tuscany
1865
128
when had the last french troops left rome
1866
129
when and why did the french troops retern to rome
garibaldi tried to seize rome a second time
reterned in 1867
130
when did the french stay until (after garibaldis second attack)
1870
131
when did garibaldi leave caprera
1862
132
how many did garibaldi gather for his "party of action"
4,000 men
133
when was garibaldi stopped by piedmontese troops
29th august
134
where was garibaldi stopped
aspromonte
135
where was garibaldi shot in aspromonte
the foot
136
what did garibaldi do after florence was proclaimed capital
he escaped house arrest on caprera and sailed to the mainland
137
what did garibaldi want his men to do
"to capture rome and abolish the pope"
138
why was garibaldi defeated 1867
france sent troops back with modern breech-loading rifles
139
when was garibaldi defeated at mentana
november 3rd 1867
140
why did france withdraw the roman garrison (not sept conv)
to fight prussia
141
what did PM lanza gain
a formal agreement with spain, austria and catholic german states to send italian troops into rome
142
who did VEII send to thepope with a proposal
Count Gustavo Ponza di San Martino
143
what was the letter sent to the pope
a face-saving proposal
144
what was the face saving proposal to the pope
the pope would allow the italian army in under the guise of offering protection
145
what did the pope say at his reception of san martino
"fine loyalty! you are all a set of vipers, of white sepulchers, and wanting in faith"
