Economic Change- essay plan cards

Question 1

Between 1845-1870 how much did the German railway network grow

Answer 1

6 times, from 3,280KM to 19,575KM of track

Question 2

How long did the KaiserReich depression last for

Answer 2

1873-1890 but from the 1890s to WW1 there was a boom

Question 3

How much did electrical output increase between 1890-1913

Answer 3

By 18% every year between these dates

Question 4

How large was the population of Germany in 1890 compared to 1910

Answer 4

50 million in 1890
To
60 million in 1910

Question 5

By when was Germany the biggest industrial nation in Europe

Answer 5

1900

Question 6

How much did the value of exports increase between 1873-1914

Answer 6

£365million

Question 7

What did WW1 require of Germany industries and what did Germany lack

Answer 7

It required mobalisation of all German industries
Germany lacked; cotton, rubber, petrol, copper and tin

Question 8

Who succeeded with scientists to make synthetic materials and when

Answer 8

1915
Rathenau

Question 9

Why did Germany have to create synthetic materials

Answer 9

Because they had been cut off from resources in Chile

Question 10

Which act meant that men men from 17-60 had to work and who enacted this law

Answer 10

Hindenburg and Ludendorff, Auxilary service act from 1916

Question 11

How much war debt did the Weimar government inherit

Answer 11

140 billion marks

Question 12

What was one dollar worth in Germany during the hyperinflation

Answer 12

$1=DM4.2 trillion

Question 13

How much did German exports increase between what dates

Answer 13

1924-29 they doubled

Question 14

In 1924 under which chancellor was a new currency introduced
What did this do?

Answer 14

Chancellor Stresemann, the Rentenmark
This stabilised the economy

Question 15

When did industrial production reach pre WW1 levels

Answer 15

1927

Question 16

In the Ruhr what did the workforce decline by and how much was productivity increased

Answer 16

Declined by 33%
Production increased by 18% per hour

Question 17

What was this change in production due to

Answer 17

‘Rationalisation’

Question 18

When did unemployment halve due to public works schemes

Answer 18

1934

Question 19

In 1943 what did unemployment do

Answer 19

It halved

Question 20

By what date was there actually a labour shortage

Answer 20

1939

Question 21

What industries did the Nazis focus on and how did this help

Answer 21

Road construction and the German car industry helped

Question 22

What did the Nazis invest in

Answer 22

Work creation schemes like the RAD

Question 23

When was the four year plan that focused on industry and rearmament

Answer 23

1936

Question 24

By 1938 how much government expenditure was taken up by rearmament

Answer 24

44%

Question 25

When was 44% of govt expenses on rearmament

Answer 25

1938

Question 26

What hampered production of key materials, Nazis How was this sorted

Answer 26

Infighting in the economic sector, Albert Speer reorganised the central planning board in 1942

Question 27

Who lead German industry in rebuilding and what helped them rebuild

Answer 27

Ludwig Erhard, US Marshall aid plan

Question 28

What war boosted west Germany industry and when

Answer 28

Korean War 1950-53, US got goods from Germany

Question 29

What happened to German GNP during the 1950s , why

Answer 29

It Trebled, focus on machinery, electronics, cards, banking and education.

Question 30

How did the German economy modernise into the 1980s

Answer 30

It moved to consulting, advertising and research. The housing industry ate.

Question 31

When did the Great Depression begin

Answer 31

October 1929

Question 32

What happened in the US Great Depression, how did this effect European loans

Answer 32

US investors lost $40 billion in a month, wiped out US loans to Europe

Question 33

When was RM1Billion withdrawn from Germany by the US and what was the result

Answer 33

June 1931, 3 major banks collapsed

Question 34

What were the unemployment percentages, Great Depression

Answer 34

40% unemployed Machine building = 48.9% unemployed Shipbuilding = 63.5% unemployed Machine building

Question 35

How did the Nazis exploit the Great Depression

Answer 35

They opened soup kitchens and charity fundraisers, by 1931 200 people fed a day in some rural areas

Question 36

What happened as a result of the Nazis exploiting the Great Depression- election

Answer 36

Bruning called an election 1930, extremist groups grew Nazis gained 6.4million votes (18.2%) KPD gained 4.4million votes (13.1%)

Question 37

What happened to the German GDP in the ‘economic miracle’

Answer 37

GDP grew by 12% in 5 years, helped by the cooperative union sector who restricted wage increases

Question 38

What people immigrating to west Germany meant that there were plenty of workers

Answer 38

3.6million refugees, young and willing to work

Question 39

Why was Germany free to grow economically post WW2

Answer 39

It was not burdened with reparation payments or rearmament- it was occupied

Question 40

What was co-determinism and when

Answer 40

1951, any business with over 1,000 employees in iron and steel industries had to allow representatives in the workforce

Question 41

What did co-determinism mean in relation to the wider world

Answer 41

There were no strikes like there were in Britain and France

Question 42

What happened to the German economy in the 1960s

Answer 42

It shut down, the country changed from heavy industries to service. It meant a slowdown

Question 44

By what date had the ‘economic miracle’ stopped

Answer 44

1963

Question 45

When did the KaiserReich economy collapse

Answer 45

1873

Question 46

How many companies went bankrupt in 1873

Answer 46

150

Question 47

What was defeated in the Reichstag in 1867

Answer 47

A bill to tariff pig iron

Question 48

When was the bill to tariff pig iron defeated

Answer 48

1867

Question 49

When were the national liberals the most powerful party in the Reichstag and who supported them

Answer 49

1871-78 Middle class professionals

Question 50

When did the Reichstag pass a protective tariff law and how

Answer 50

1867 Used two conservative parties and the centre party

Question 51

What was the ‘alliance of rye and steel’ and what did it mean

Answer 51

Industrialists were allied to the junkers, prevented major change in Germany over the nect 40 years, contributing to the 1818 revolution.

Question 52

Why did kaiser Wilhelm II want investment in Germanys navy

Answer 52

It was only the 7th most powerful navy in the world by 1897

Question 53

Why was a navy a nationalist dream

Answer 53

Because the army was dominated by Junkers and hadn’t changed since 1871, a navy would have no baggage from unification

Question 54

Who introduced a bill and when to create new ships

Answer 54

Tirpitz, 1898 to create 17 ships over 7 years

Question 55

What did Tirpitz’s bill pass by

Answer 55

212 votes to 139

Question 56

What happened because the kaiser was unhappy with the new 17 ships

Answer 56

A bill passed in 1900 to increase the number to 36 ships

Question 57

What was Britain’s response to the kaiser increasing the number of ships

Answer 57

They signed the Entente Cordiale with France in 1904 and the Triple Entente with France and Russia 1907

Question 58

What did the navy building fail to do

Answer 58

Win over the SDP, working class did not unite, SDP became the largest party in 1912

Question 59

Who believed in what type of economics

Answer 59

Schacht believed in Keynesian economics

Question 60

When was RM5 Billion invested in public works schemes and what did this do to unemployment

Answer 60

1933-35, unemployment fell from 2.7million in 1934 to 1.7million in 1953

Question 61

How much was invested in public works schemes 1933-35

Answer 61

RM 5 Billion

Question 62

How much Mefo Bills did the Reichsbank issue

Answer 62

RM12 Billion worth,

Question 63

What did the Mefo builds finance

Answer 63

50% of arms expenditure from 1934-36

Question 64

What did the gf at that there were no German consumer goods mean

Answer 64

Imports increased unsustainably from south Eastern European countries and Latin America

Question 65

Why was Schacht fired

Answer 65

He said to focus on consumer goods, he was sacked and replaced with Goering in 1939

Question 66

What did the four year plan increase synthetic fuel production by but why was this limited.

Answer 66

Increased 130% but this equated to 18% of demand

Question 67

What ministry’s all overlapped

Answer 67

Ministry of munitions, ministry of economy and ministry for wall

Question 68

How did Speer fix their issues with production

Answer 68

He reduced the number of models of tanks and vehicles, using modern techniques

Question 69

What did Speers choice to focus on small numbers of models do

Answer 69

Production of tanks and engines increased 200%, munitions per worker increased 60% from 1838-44 weapons increased 130% despite workers only increasing 11%

Question 70

Why did US troops remain in Germany.

Answer 70

Because the USSR demanded reparations, the US had to announce that they would keep their troops there as long as the USSR did

Question 71

When did George Marshall promise economic aid

Answer 71

5th June 1947

Question 72

How much did the Marshall plan provide to Western European countries

Answer 72

$17 billion

Question 73

How much did west Germany receive in the 1940s and 1950s

Answer 73

$2.7 billion

Question 74

How much did the Marshall plan pay for German imports and where did the money go?

Answer 74

Paid for 35% of west German imports Money went to improving railways, steel and electrical industries

Question 75

What was the political impact of the Marshall plan

Answer 75

- greater cooperation between Western European nations - by June 1849 french zone merged with Bizonia to create Trizonia Became west Germany in 1949

Question 76

What happened in 1951 April

Answer 76

- European coal and steel community combined heavy industries in france, west Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg