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PMVPH 4th Year > Poultry Underperformance > Flashcards

Poultry Underperformance Flashcards

1
Q

GIT

A
  • crop
  • proventriculus
  • gizzard (grit needed here)
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2
Q

Outline how air sacs work

A
  • air goes straight to back air sacs (resp disease occours here)
  • then exhale back through the parabronchi)
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3
Q

Different laying systems

A

> free range- access to fields and barn
enriched colony cage - min space per bird, 15 birds per cage
barn - 11hens/m2
* free range or enriched colony may be better welfare depending on level of each*

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4
Q

Outline hen life cycle

A

> 0-16 weeks birds reared on pullet rearing farm (20vax in this time)
16w pullet moved to laying farm (sensitive time, lighting etc)
18-20w start in lay
pullet becomes a layer and lives until 72w old (if rescued and lives to 2-3y old this is very good! Don’t expect too much laying wise)

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5
Q

Diagnostics in poultry

A

@16w take bloods for serology (cross over point moving to new farm)

  • serology ab titre
  • swabs (PCR/bacteriology culture and Sensitivity esp For mycoplasma)
  • virus isolation (good chicks, mush up and test)
  • worm egg counts, cocci oocyst counts
  • POST MORTEM
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6
Q

Most common causes of underperformance in layers

A

Poor management

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7
Q

Symptoms of underperformance in layers

A
  • egg production drop
  • change in egg shell quality (chronic dz, calcium deposits/crinkly/white)
  • change in egg size (feed ^\v and management)
  • mortality (mostly 2* infections, 0.5%-30% organic)
  • water/feed intake reduction (only if farmers very vigilant recording)
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8
Q

Diseases affecting layers

A 
> infectious bronchitis (IB)
> mycoplasma 
> peritonitis 
- often 2* to a lot of other things
> endo and ectoparasites
> poor management
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9
Q

What is IB? Clinical signs

A
  • common virus
  • coronavirus, very high mutation rate
  • several strains
  • snicking, watery eyes and nose, head shaking
  • wrinkly eggs
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10
Q

Pathophysiology of IB

A
  • damages cilia
  • 2* infection
  • air sacs become infected
    > AT PM ANYTHING ON AIR SACS IS ABNORMAL, SHOULD BE TOTALLY CLEAR LIKE CLINGFILM
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11
Q

Diagnosing and preventing IB

A
  • PCR swabs and paired serology
  • ensure good vax tachnique (at night)
  • ensure correct vaccines are used at correct time
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12
Q

What is mycoplasma? Clinical signs?

A
  • persistent infection (only way to eradicate is CULL)
  • bigger than a virus, smaller than a bacteria
  • m. Gallisepticum most prevalent, 20 types
  • swollen head, swollen tissue around eyes, bubbles in corner of the eye, wrinkly WHITE eggs
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13
Q

How is mycoplasma transmitted

A
  • adult to chick through egg or semen
  • bird to bird (sneezing, coughing, fomites, through water system)
  • incubation 6-10d
  • advise not to sell on birds from mycoplasma + flocks
  • neighbouring farms
  • wild bird populations
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14
Q

What causes peritonitis

A

> E. coli (different types involved)
most common dx adult bird
- stress and coming into lay
- oviduct and tracheal similarities
1* or 2*
Tx Abx
- Deniguard and Tylan only 2 Abx lic and effective
NOT baytril (contraindicated in laying birds so can never eat their eggs)
vax options
- autologous vax from samples on the farm to make it specific to E. coli subtypes on farm

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15
Q

Worm Tx

A
  • Flubenvet in feed LIC 7d
  • Solubenol in water LIC 7d
  • Flimabo in water LIC 7d
  • Panache Aquasol LIC 5d
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16
Q

Worms

A 
> ascaridia galli 
- intestinal roundworm 
> capillaria
- hair worm, crop 
> heterakis gallinarium
- caecum 
- carries blackhead (-> sudden death, hobnail liver lesions, ceacal ulcers, UNTREATABLE) 
> synagmus trachea 
- gape worm
* ppp vary 14-21d
17
Q

What is the most common ectoparasites affecting chickens?

A

> red mites

  • v common
  • nocturnal
  • think fleas!!!
  • visable to naked eye
  • life cycle can be 10d in warm weather
  • can live 2y without feeding
18
Q

Tx red mite

A
  • dichromatious earth

- introduce other bigger mites ? Echo

19
Q

Signs of underperformance in broilers

A
  • underweight (usually measured weekly or daily!)
  • reduced feed and water intake
  • clinical symptoms
20
Q

Broiler life cycle

A
  • chicks placed 40-50g
  • kept until 30-65d (‘thinned’ at 30d taking out a 1/4 of the flock to keep under the weight limit per m2)
  • remain on same farm until cleared
21
Q

Outline broiler systems

A
  • standards kept in barns all their life (access to perches, bails etc but these aren’t used as broilers so fat and lazy) 100,000/shed
  • free range 11,000/shed
  • organics small shed (5,000?) small sheds allowed outside from 21d old
22
Q

Issues with drinkers

A
  • raise up nipples as birds grow
  • should drink at 45* angle
  • otherwise litter will get wet and pododermatitis ensues
23
Q

Diseases in broilers

A
  • IB
  • IBD (gumboro)
  • COCCIDIOSIS main dz
  • enteritis/dysbacteriosis
24
Q

What is IBD

A

> infectious bursa disease = gumboro dz

  • bursa=immune system HQ
  • affects B cells in bursa of fabricius
  • birnavirus
  • non-zoonotic
  • immune system damage PDF other dz
25
Q

Prevention IBD

A

Vax @ 18, 24, 28 d

- broilers only, doesn’t affect layers

26
Q

Coccidiosis

A
  • acervulina @ 14d won’t kill but v growth
  • tenella (blood)@ 25d - kills birds
  • 2* necrotic enteritis common
  • 8 species of cocci affect layers and 5 affect broilers (life span)
27
Q

Cocci control

A
  • coccidiostats ionophores
  • chemical coccidiostats (baycox, ampolium, NOT VIRKON)
  • cleaning houses to kill oocysts
  • burn barn floors (can be more effective than chemicals)
28
Q

Enteritis 2 stages

A 
> dysbacteriosis 
- bacterial scour (Clostridia mainly) 
- variable causes 
- difficult to tx (amoxicillin)
- next stage is necrotic enteritis 
- cholangiohelatitis 
> necrotic enteritis 
- Clostridia perfringens type c
- spike in mortality
- penicillin sensitive 
- associated with cocci 
- poss low mortality followed by 2* cholangiohepatitis
29
Q

How does the pyramid of poultry production work?

A
  • pure line genetic flock (genetic companies)
  • great grandparents (genetic companies)
  • grandparents (integrators: all levels of production/genetic companies) here up very high biosecurity
  • parent flock (integrator companies)
  • broilers layer s (integrator farmers)

PMVPH 4th Year (34 decks)

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